Marginal effects in each dimension of the EQ-5D, for residents and proxies
| Marginal effect: self-reported* | Marginal effect: proxy* | p Value for difference between the two effects | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Depression (GDS-15) | |||
| Mobility | 0.0320† (0.0059) | 0.0055 (0.0050) | 0.0004† |
| Self-care | 0.0315† (0.0065) | −0.0036 (0.0053) | 0.0000† |
| Usual activities | 0.0425† (0.0068) | −0.0056 (0.0048) | 0.0000† |
| Pain | 0.0097† (0.0047) | −0.0052 (0.0081) | 0.0696 |
| Anxiety/depression | 0.0570† (0.0048) | 0.0209† (0.0076) | 0.0000† |
| Pain score | |||
| Mobility | 0.0618† (0.0214) | 0.0134 (0.0201) | 0.0856 |
| Self-care | 0.0753† (0.0208) | 0.0065 (0.0155) | 0.0024† |
| Usual activities | 0.0683† (0.0192) | −0.0155 (0.0193) | 0.0011† |
| Pain | 1.3223† (0.0746) | 0.1559† (0.0201) | 0.0000† |
| Anxiety/depression | 0.0829† (0.0187) | 0.0223 (0.0258) | 0.0570 |
| Activities of daily living (Barthel Index) | |||
| Mobility | −0.0025† (0.0010) | −0.0068† (0.0009) | 0.0005† |
| Self-care | −0.0051† (0.0009) | −0.0099† (0.0010) | 0.0005† |
| Usual activities | −0.0040† (0.0011) | −0.0074† (0.0009) | 0.0054† |
| Pain | 0.0001 (0.0007) | −0.0035† (0.0010) | 0.0019† |
| Anxiety/depression | −0.0010 (0.0010) | −0.0025† (0.0012) | 0.2657 |
| Physical functioning (SPPB) | |||
| Mobility | −0.0426† (0.0074) | −0.0475† (0.0101) | 0.7057 |
| Self-care | −0.0443† (0.0107) | −0.0033 (0.0081) | 0.0001† |
| Usual activities | −0.0031 (0.0119) | −0.0223† (0.0099) | 0.1527 |
| Pain | −0.0174† (0.0071) | −0.0155 (0.0087) | 0.8641 |
| Anxiety/depression | 0.0053 (0.0117) | 0.0254† (0.0124) | 0.1482 |
| Cognitive functioning (MMSE) | |||
| Mobility | 0.0182† (0.0033) | 0.0106† (0.0034) | 0.1008 |
| Self-care | 0.0157† (0.0029) | −0.0050 (0.0029) | 0.0000† |
| Usual activities | 0.0088† (0.0036) | −0.0042 (0.0031) | 0.0042† |
| Pain | 0.0011 (0.0029) | 0.0077† (0.0038) | 0.1241 |
| Dementia | |||
| Mobility | −0.0707 (0.0444) | −0.1138† (0.0455) | 0.4523 |
| Self-care | −0.1310† (0.0470) | −0.0138 (0.0448) | 0.0586 |
| Usual activities | −0.1578† (0.0554) | −0.0561 (0.0503) | 0.1418 |
| Social engagement (SES) | |||
| Usual activities | −0.0020 (0.0130) | −0.0508† (0.0102) | 0.0011† |
| Pain | 0.0256† (0.0108) | 0.0190 (0.0126) | 0.6631 |
| Anxiety/depression | 0.0029 (0.0117) | −0.0327† (0.0115) | 0.0095† |
| Sex | |||
| Self-care | 0.0745† (0.0374) | −0.0203 (0.0392) | 0.0712 |
| Anxiety/depression | −0.0864† (0.0391) | −0.1429† (0.0488) | 0.3393 |
| Age | |||
| Pain | −0.0018 (0.0019) | 0.0052† (0.0025) | 0.0137† |
| Length of stay | |||
| Anxiety/depression | −0.0014 (0.0071) | −0.0186† (0.0074) | 0.0578 |
*Interpreted as the change in the probability (ie, 0.05 indicates a 5% increase in probability) of providing a level 2 or 3 (rather than a level 1) response in the given dimension, given a unit change in the variable.
†Statistically significant at 5% level.
GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; SES, Social Engagement Scale; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery.