Distribution of baseline variables in participants with and without incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
| Characteristic* | Eligible participants, n=7462 | p Value | |
| No incident T2DM | Incident T2DM | ||
| % in each category | 90.4 | 9.6 | – |
| Age, mean (SD) | 61.7 (6.6) | 61.9 (6.5) | 0.3521 |
| Alcohol consumption (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| Abstainer | 28.8 | 37.1 | |
| Light | 68.9 | 61.8 | |
| Moderate | 2.1 | 0.9 | |
| Heavy | 0.3 | 0.2 | |
| Body mass index (BMI) (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| Underweight | 0.4 | 0.6 | |
| Normal | 31.9 | 13.5 | |
| Overweight | 47.8 | 47.3 | |
| Obese | 20.0 | 38.6 | |
| C reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L), median (IQR) | 1.9 (0.9–4.0) | 2.6 (1.3–5.1) | <0.0001 |
| Daily consumption of fruit (%) | 63.1 | 58.3 | 0.0130 |
| Daily consumption of multivitamin supplements (%) | 15.8 | 16.8 | 0.5100 |
| Daily consumption of vegetables (%) | 35.5 | 35.7 | 0.9312 |
| Education (%) | 0.0021 | ||
| Low | 72.5 | 78.0 | |
| Medium | 22.0 | 19.0 | |
| High | 5.4 | 3.0 | |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 34.3 | 43.8 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting triglycerides (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | <0.0001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 55.5 | 68.9 | <0.0001 |
| Sex, men (%) | 42.6 | 45.4 | 0.1448 |
| Smoking status (%) | 0.0077 | ||
| Never smoker | 52.4 | 46.2 | |
| Former smoker | 31.4 | 35.7 | |
| Current smoker | 16.3 | 18.1 | |
| Total/HDL-cholesterol ratio, mean (SD) | 4.3 (1.5) | 4.7 (1.7) | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.7 (1.3) | 5.7 (1.4) | 0.3726 |
| Vigorous physical activity (%) | 44.6 | 40.8 | 0.0543 |
| Weekly consumption of meat (%) | 88.7 | 90.8 | 0.0929 |
*Missing values: alcohol consumption 669, BMI 7, CRP 130, daily consumption of fruit 206, daily consumption of multivitamin supplements 349, daily consumption of vegetables 158, education 156, family history of diabetes 122, fasting triglycerides 804, HDL-cholesterol 2805, hypertension 128, smoking status 197, total/HDL-cholesterol ratio 2828, total cholesterol 30, vigorous physical activity 17 and weekly consumption of meat 393.