Crude and adjusted OR and 95% CIs for psychological distress (GHQ-12 scoring ≥3) by employment status in 51 118 individuals with data available for all covariates, stratified by migration status and reason for immigration: the Stockholm County public health surveys, 2002, 2006 and 2010
| Migration status | Reason for immigration | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample (n=51 118) | Swedish-born (n=43 444) | All immigrants (n=7674) | Non-refugees (n=4055) | Refugees (n=3619) | |
| Employment status | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| Crude | |||||
| Permanently/self-employed (REF) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Temporarily employed | 1.74 (1.62 to 1.88) | 1.70 (1.56 to 1.84) | 1.86 (1.57 to 2.20) | 1.60 (1.21 to 2.11) | 1.89 (1.52 to 2.35) |
| Unemployed | 3.28 (2.93 to 3.68) | 3.23 (2.83 to 3.69) | 3.22 (2.60 to 4.00) | 3.59 (2.52 to 5.12) | 2.83 (2.15 to 3.72) |
| Model 1* | |||||
| Temporarily employed | 1.33 (1.23 to 1.44) | 1.23 (1.12 to 1.35) | 1.60 (1.34 to 1.90) | 1.33 (1.00 to 1.77) | 1.69 (1.35 to 2.10) |
| Unemployed | 3.15 (2.80 to 3.54) | 3.00 (2.61 to 3.43) | 3.19 (2.56 to 3.97) | 3.48 (2.42 to 5.00) | 2.86 (2.17 to 3.78) |
| Model 2† | |||||
| Temporarily employed | 1.33 (1.23 to 1.45) | 1.23 (1.13 to 1.35) | 1.59 (1.34 to 1.90) | 1.33 (1.00 to 1.77) | 1.69 (1.35 to 2.10) |
| Unemployed | 3.20 (2.85 to 3.60) | 3.07 (2.68 to 3.52) | 3.20 (2.56 to 3.99) | 3.49 (2.43 to 5.00) | 2.87 (2.17 to 3.79) |
| Model 3‡ | |||||
| Temporarily employed | 1.33 (1.23 to 1.45) | 1.24 (1.13 to 1.36) | 1.60 (1.34 to 1.92) | 1.36 (1.01 to 1.81) | 1.71 (1.37 to 2.15) |
| Unemployed | 3.14 (2.78 to 3.53) | 3.05 (2.66 to 3.51) | 3.18 (2.54 to 3.98) | 3.51 (2.44 to 5.05) | 2.91 (2.20 to 3.85) |
All models are weighted for non-response and sampling methods.
*Model 1: adjusted for age and gender.
†Model 2: additionally adjusted for attained education.
‡Model 3: additionally adjusted for socioeconomic position, disposable family income and survey year.
GHQ, the General Health Questionnaire; REF, reference group.