Table 5

Relationship between participant characteristics and ratings of importance

Variable*	Group	Median (IQR)	Test statistics†
Factor 1	Male	36 (32–41)	Z=−5.03, p<0.001, r=−0.20
	Female	40 (35–43)
Factor 3	Male	31 (25–35)	Z=−4.03, p<0.001, r=−0.16
	Female	33 (29–36)
Factor 1	White	38 (33.75–42)	Z=−3.98, p=<0.001, r=−0.16
	Non-White	41 (37–45)
Factor 2	White	25 (22–27)	Z=−3.60, p<0.001, r=−0.14
	Non-White	27 (24–29)
Factor 3	White	32 (27–35)	Z=−3.45, p<0.001, r=−0.14
	Non-White	35 (29–38)
Factor 4	White	22 (18–24)	Z=−5.61, p<0.001, r=−0.22
	Non-White	25 (22–27)
Factor 2	18–39	25 (23–28)	X2=6.97, d.f.=2, p=0.031, φc=0.07
	40–59	24 (20.5–26)
	60+	26 (23–28)
Factor 1	Dentist	37 (32–42)	Z=−6.74, p<0.001, r=−0.27
	Non-dentist	41 (37–45)
	Dental care professional	41 (37–45)	Z=−6.55, p<0.001, r=−0.26
	Non-dental care professional	37 (33–42)
Factor 3	Dentist	31 (26–35)	Z=−5.55, p<0.001, r=−0.22
	Non-dentist	34 (30.25–37)
	Dental care professional	34 (31–38)	Z=−5.58, p<0.001, r=−0.22
	Non-dental care professional	31 (26–35)
Factor 4	Dentist	22 (18–24)	Z=−4.13, p<0.001, r=−0.16
	Non-dentist	23 (20–26)
	Dental care professional	23 (21–26)	Z=−4.03, p<0.001, r=−0.16
	Non-dental care professional	22 (18–24)

*Factor 1= teamwork and professionalism; factor 2= measuring and enhancing performance; factor 3= dental workforce issues; factor 4= curriculum integration and innovation.
†Test statistics are Mann-Whitney Z-scores, p value, effect size r or Kruskal-Wallis χ² value with d.f., p value, effect size Φc. For the Mann-Whitney test, effect sizes for significant findings were calculated as: r=Z/√n. Magnitudes of effect sizes for Cohen's r are: 0.1: small; 0.3: medium and 0.5: large.23 For the Kruskal-Wallis test, effect sizes were calculated using Cramer's V Φc=√(χ²/[n{k−1}]), where k equals the smaller of rows or columns. Magnitudes of effect sizes for Cramer's phi are: 0.1 to <0.2: weak association; 0.2 to <0.4: moderate association; 0.4 to <0.6: relatively strong association and ≥0.6: strong association.24