Prevalence data: HIV-infected treated versus untreated
| Author, year | Setting | Population | Case treated | Control untreated | ART | Diagnosis | Prevalence case % | Prevalence control % | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kagaruki, 2014 | Tanzania | 671 participants, 70.5% women Mean age=38.7 | n=354, 67.8% women Mean age=40.6 | n=317, 73.5% women Mean age=36.7 | Not stated | WHO criteria | 3.7 | 4.7 | Not stated |
| Manuthu, 2008 | Kenya | 295 participants, 58% women | n=134 | n=161 | 82.7% on d4t-based regimen, 51.1% on d4T+3TC+ nevirapine 31.6% on d4T+3TC+ efavirenz. 17.3% on AZT-based regimens 13.5% on AZT+3TC+ efavirenz 3.8% on AZT+3TC+ nevirapine; one PI-based regimen was AZT+3TC+ lopinavir. | OGTT, criteria not stated | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.85 |
| Mohammed, 2015 | Ethiopia | 393 adults, 66.9% women Mean age=37.9 | n=284 | n=109 | 32.1% used the drug combination zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine | WHO criteria | 8.5 | 0.9 | <0.01 |
| Nsagha, 2015 | Cameroon | 215 participants, 74.9% women Mean age 44.2 years Mean BMI=26.47 | n=160, 77.5% women Mean age=44.7 Mean BMI=26.94 | n=55, 67.3% women Mean age=38.6 Mean BMI=25.09 | AZT+3TC+ efavirenx =1.3%, AZT+3TC+ nevirapine =50%, TDF+3TC+ efavirenz =27.5%, TDF+3TC+ nevirapine =13.1%, TDF+3TC+ lopinavir =8.1% | WHO criteria | 1.9 | 3.6 | 0.46 |
| Tesfaye, 2014 | Ethiopia | 374 participants, 68% women Mean age=32.7 | n=188, 63.8% women Mean age=32.7 Mean BMI=22.1 | n=186, 68.8% women Mean age=32.6 Mean BMI=22.2 | 58% on regimen containing efavirenz and 42% on nevirapine as NNRTI | IDF criteria | 33.5 | 21.5 | <0.05 |
3TC, lamivudine; ART, antiretroviral therapy; AZT, zidovudine; BMI, body mass index; d4t, stavudine, IDF, International Diabetes Federation; NNRTI, non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; PI, protease inhibitor; TDF, tenofovir.