Number of studies (n, % total N studies), by process or outcome constructs containing indicators or potential indicators
| Construct | Indicators or potential indicators | n (%N) |
|---|---|---|
| Mortality | In-hospital mortality; postdischarge mortality (eg, 30 days, 90 days) | 125 (41%) |
| Time-to | Time from presentation to admission; time from admission to medical clearance; time from admission to surgery/surgical delay; operative time; time to rehabilitation | 106 (35%) |
| Length of stay | During acute care; during intensive care; during rehabilitation; during a readmission | 93 (31%) |
| Comorbidities and complications | Developed in-hospital; developed postoperatively; number present at admission; classification (major vs minor); adverse events in-hospital; pressure ulcers; urinary tract infections; venous thromboembolism; reoperation; infections | 86 (29%) |
| Functional ability | Activities of daily living (ADLs) or instrumental ADLs (IADLs); short physical performance battery (SPPB); functional independence measure (FIM); Barthel or Modified Barthel Index; Katz or Modified Katz; Timed up and go; Harris Hip Score; SF36; Tinetti's Fall Efficacy Scale; Berg Balance Scale; sit to stand test; Frenchay's Activity Index; Activity Measure for Post-acute care (AM-PAC); Other measures | 84 (28%) |
| Discharge destinations | Novel institutionalisation; change in premorbid level of care; discharge destination (eg, home, long-term care); successful community discharge | 64 (21%) |
| Balance and mobility | Mobile yes/no; ability (eg, walking distance); ambulation decline; balance (eg, postural sway); weight bearing | 62 (21%) |
| Quality of life (QOL) | EQ5D, EuroQOL (includes EQ5D and EQ-Visual Analog Scale); Health-related QOL (HRQOL); Dementia assessment for QOL (DEMQOL); Swedish QOL (SWED-QUAL); WHO's Brief QOL (WHOQOL-BREF); Short Form 12 (SF12), 36 (SF36) and 6D (SF6D); Western Ontario and McMaster Short Form (WOMAC-SF); Other (eg, Health Utilities Index) | 39 (13.0%) |
| Other | Organisation's performance evaluation system (130 simple indicators and 50 composite measures); day of admission; maintainability (ie, unexpected event, including deaths, readmission or change in level of care); weight; composite poor outcome (eg, death or readmission); patient safety strategies | 30 (10%) |
| Pain | Presence of pain (acute, chronic); pain score in EQ5D; assessment of pain (yes/no); use of analgesia (yes/no and type) | 29 (10%) |
| Readmissions | 15, 28 or 30 days; 2 months, 4 months, monthly; 1 year | 26 (9%) |
| Cognitive | Score or status (eg, mini mental status examination score); depression (yes/no); delirium (yes/no) | 25 (8%) |
| UK's Best Practice Tariff Indicators (BPT) | Admission under consultant-led joint orthogeriatric care; admission using a multidisciplinary assessment protocol; Geriatric-directed multidisciplinary rehabilitation; perioperative assessment by geriatrician or ortho-geriatrician within 72 hours of admission to emergency department; Admission to ward from emergency department within 4 hours; Assessment for falls and bone protection | 24 (8%) |
| Prophylaxis and blood | Antibiotic prophylaxis and anticoagulation (yes/no and type); blood loss (amount); blood transfusion (yes/no) | 23 (8%) |
| Osteoporosis testing and medication | Bone mineral density testing; medication postoperatively or at acute discharge | 21 (7%) |
| Falls | Crude count; prevention (eg, falls prevention programme); assessment for falls risk (in-hospital and postdischarge); Tinetti's fall efficacy scale; self-report falls at various time points postacute discharge | 19 (6%) |
| Healthcare usage | Costs; community services; physical therapy visits (acute and postacute); composite measures (readmission, emergency department visit) | 16 (5%) |
| Nutrition | Compliance with diet/nutrition interventions; vitamin D (amount); assessment (includes time to assessment) | 13 (4%) |
| Biometrics | Neuromuscular assessment or status; muscle strength; muscle contraction; knee specific measures | 11 (4%) |
| Catheters | Catheter yes/no; time to removal | 8 (3%) |
| Patient satisfaction | Questionnaire/interview with various questions (eg, questions about satisfaction with information provided about hospital care) | 5 (2%) |
| Caregivers | Support provided (eg, Social Support Scale); burden and stress (eg, Caregiver Strain Index) | 4 (1%) |
| Self-efficacy | Self-care ability; self-efficacy for exercise | 4 (1%) |