Components of metabolic syndrome (MeS) and the prevalence of MeS according to International Diabetes Federation criteria
| Intervention (n=64–74) | Usual care (n=66–78) | Early GDM (n=40–45) | Healthy control (n=44–51) | All (n=217–248) | Missing values (N)* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waist circumference (cm)* | 89.9±13.0 | 90.9±12.8 | 97.9±14.6 | 79.5±6.5 | 89.5±13.5 | 0, 3, 0, 0 |
| Waist ≥80 cm | 52 (70) | 59 (79) | 42 (93) | 24 (47) | 177 (72) | |
| Waist ≥88 cm | 41 (55) | 42 (56) | 32 (71) | 6 (12) | 121 (49) | |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.2±0.5 | 5.2±0.4 | 5.6±0.5 | 5.2±0.4 | 5.3±0.5 | 5, 12, 3, 6 |
| Fasting glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L or medication | 10 (15) | 7 (11) | 21 (49) | 4 (9) | 42 (19) | |
| Systolic pressure (mm Hg) | 119±13 | 118±12 | 122±11 | 114±14 | 118±12 | 2, 3, 1, 4 |
| Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) | 77±10 | 78±10 | 79±7 | 75±10 | 77±10 | 2, 3, 1, 4 |
| Blood pressure ≥130 or ≥85 mm Hg or medication | 10 (14) | 13 (17) | 8 (18) | 6 (13) | 37 (16) | |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.30±0.27 | 1.28±0.38 | 1.28±0.36 | 1.41±0.30 | 1.32±0.34 | 10, 0, 2, 1 |
| HDL cholesterol ≤1.3 mmol/L or medication | 33 (52) | 41 (53) | 25 (58) | 18 (36) | 117 (50) | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.91±0.34 | 1.05±0.67 | 1.36±0.88 | 0.95±0.38 | 1.05±0.61 | 10, 0, 2, 1 |
| Triglycerides ≥1.7 mmol/L | 1 (2) | 9 (12) | 12 (28) | 5 (10) | 27 (12) | |
| Metabolic syndrome | 9 (14) | 10 (15) | 20 (50) | 3 (7) | 42 (19) | 10, 7, 5, 7 |
Means and SDs or frequencies (and proportions) of participants. GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus.
*Number of missing values in the intervention, usual care, early GDM, healthy control groups, respectively.