Social integration of 2399 humanitarian migrants in the Building a New Life in Australia project, 2012–2013
| Social Integration | Total (n=2399)* | General health* | Physical function* | Role-physical* | Bodily pain* | Severe mental illness* | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good (n=1517) | Fair (n=533) | Poor (n=349) | Good (n=1132) | Fair (n=888) | Poor (n=379) | Good (n=1184) | Fair (n=874) | Poor (n=341) | None (n=1094) | Mild (n=637) | Moderate (n=297) | Severe (n=371) | No (n=1929) | Yes (n=394) | ||
| Economic integration | ||||||||||||||||
| Employment status n (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Unemployed | 2230 (94) | 1371 (91) | 521 (98) | 338 (99) | 1013 (90) | 851 (97) | 366 (99) | 1065 (91) | 835 (97) | 330 (99) | 990 (91) | 593 (94) | 286 (97) | 361 (99) | 1790 (93) | 376 (98) |
| Employed | 145 (6) | 131 (9) | 10 (2) | 4 (1) | 112 (10) | 29 (3) | 4 (1) | 112 (10) | 28 (3) | 5 (2) | 96 (9) | 36 (6) | 9 (3) | 4 (1) | 131 (7) | 9 (2) |
| Main source of income n (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Salary | 162 (7) | 129 (9) | 18 (4) | 15 (4) | 110 (10) | 43 (5) | 9 (3) | 109 (9) | 39 (5) | 14 (4) | 99 (9) | 40 (7) | 11 (4) | 12 (3) | 138 (7) | 16 (4) |
| Government payments | 2111 (90) | 1307 (88) | 485 (93) | 319 (94) | 971 (87) | 791 (91) | 349 (95) | 1018 (87) | 782 (92) | 311 (94) | 941 (88) | 546 (89) | 276 (94) | 348 (95) | 1699 (89) | 362 (94) |
| Other | 76 (3) | 53 (4) | 16 (3) | 7 (2) | 33 (3) | 32 (4) | 11 (3) | 40 (3) | 30 (4) | 6 (2) | 35 (3) | 29 (5) | 6 (2) | 6 (2) | 65 (3) | 7 (2) |
| Current housing arrangement n (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Temporary | 237 (11) | 182 (12) | 49 (9) | 26 (8) | 137 (12) | 92 (11) | 28 (8) | 143 (12) | 91 (11) | 23 (7) | 131 (12) | 63 (10) | 36 (12) | 27 (7) | 205 (11) | 41 (11) |
| Less than 6-month lease/contract | 855 (36) | 532 (36) | 179 (34) | 144 (42) | 421 (38) | 282 (32) | 152 (41) | 441 (38) | 280 (33) | 134 (40) | 397 (37) | 201 (32) | 107 (37) | 150 (41) | 663 (35) | 167 (44) |
| More than 6-month lease/contract | 1199 (51) | 746 (50) | 280 (53) | 173 (50) | 529 (48) | 482 (55) | 188 (50) | 551 (48) | 474 (55) | 174 (52) | 520 (49) | 353 (56) | 143 (49) | 183 (50) | 1000 (53) | 168 (44) |
| Other | 43 (2) | 24 (2) | 16 (3) | 3 (1) | 20 (2) | 16 (2) | 7 (2) | 26 (2) | 11 (1) | 6 (2) | 22 (2) | 9 (1) | 7 (2) | 5 (1) | 32 (2) | 7 (2) |
| Number of financial hardships n (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1306 (57) | 899 (62) | 257 (52) | 150 (45) | 701 (65) | 454 (54) | 151 (43) | 735 (65) | 432 (52) | 139 (43) | 695 (66) | 318 (54) | 136 (48) | 157 (45) | 1137 (62) | 143 (39) |
| 1 | 415 (18) | 250 (17) | 107 (22) | 58 (18) | 179 (17) | 155 (18) | 81 (23) | 189 (17) | 157 (19) | 69 (22) | 159 (15) | 114 (19) | 68 (24) | 74 (21) | 327 (18) | 71 (19) |
| 2 | 286 (13) | 160 (11) | 63 (13) | 63 (19) | 104 (10) | 121 (14) | 61 (17) | 109 (10) | 120 (15) | 57 (18) | 96 (9) | 86 (15) | 44 (15) | 60 (17) | 204 (11) | 73 (20) |
| ≥3 | 271 (12) | 144 (10) | 67 (14) | 60 (18) | 99 (9) | 113 (13) | 59 (17) | 100 (9) | 115 (14) | 56 (17) | 98 (9) | 76 (13) | 37 (13) | 60 (17) | 179 (10) | 81 (22) |
| Acculturation | ||||||||||||||||
| Language proficiency improvement Mean±SD | 1.1±1.9 | 1.3±2.0 | 0.8±1.7 | 0.5±1.6 | 1.4±1.9 | 1.0±1.8 | 0.6±1.6 | 1.3±1.9 | 1.0±1.8 | 0.5±1.6 | 1.4±2.0 | 1.1±1.9 | 0.8±1.7 | 0.6±1.5 | 1.2±1.9 | 0.6±1.6 |
| Self-sufficiency Mean±SD | 15.1±5.9 | 16.3±6.1 | 13.8±5.0 | 12.2±4.7 | 16.6±6.1 | 14.5±5.5 | 12.4±4.9 | 16.6±6.1 | 14.3±5.3 | 12.3±5.1 | 16.7±6.2 | 14.8±5.4 | 13.7±5.4 | 12.4±4.7 | 15.6±5.9 | 12.8±4.9 |
| Participation in study or job training in Australia n (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 354 (15) | 251 (17) | 68 (13) | 35 (10) | 183 (16) | 132 (15) | 39 (11) | 195 (17) | 122 (14) | 37 (11) | 184 (17) | 100 (16) | 36 (12) | 34 (9) | 279 (15) | 50 (13) |
| No | 2015 (85) | 1245 (83) | 463 (87) | 301 (90) | 935 (84) | 750 (85) | 369 (89) | 975 (83) | 742 (86) | 298 (89) | 896 (83) | 533 (84) | 257 (88) | 329 (91) | 1633 (85) | 336 (87) |
| Self-identity | ||||||||||||||||
| Sense belonging in Australia n (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Never | 636 (28) | 365 (25) | 156 (31) | 115 (35) | 250 (23) | 281 (33) | 105 (29) | 269 (23) | 278 (33) | 89 (27) | 244 (23) | 196 (32) | 87 (31) | 109 (31) | 454 (24) | 167 (44) |
| Most of time | 594 (26) | 372 (25) | 141 (28) | 81 (24) | 268 (25) | 228 (27) | 98 (27) | 280 (24) | 237 (28) | 77 (24) | 262 (25) | 170 (28) | 80 (28) | 82 (23) | 488 (26) | 93 (25) |
| Always | 1081 (47) | 730 (50) | 215 (42) | 136 (41) | 576 (53) | 344 (40) | 161 (44) | 599 (52) | 320 (38) | 162 (49) | 553 (52) | 246 (40) | 116 (41) | 166 (47) | 927 (50) | 118 (31) |
| Feel welcomed in Australia n (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Never | 410 (18) | 222 (15) | 105 (20) | 83 (24) | 146 (13) | 178 (21) | 86 (23) | 164 (14) | 170 (20) | 76 (14) | 136 (13) | 138 (22) | 57 (20) | 79 (22) | 280 (15) | 118 (31) |
| Most of time | 665 (28) | 435 (29) | 143 (27) | 87 (25) | 293 (26) | 273 (32) | 99 (27) | 303 (26) | 280 (33) | 303 (26) | 280 (26) | 197 (32) | 90 (31) | 98 (27) | 552 (29) | 100 (26) |
| Always | 1278 (54) | 830 (56) | 276 (53) | 172 (50) | 678 (61) | 413 (48) | 187 (50) | 699 (60) | 403 (47) | 699 (60) | 656 (61) | 290 (46) | 143 (49) | 189 (52) | 1080 (57) | 163 (43) |
| Experience discrimination n (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 113 (5) | 75 (5) | 21 (4) | 17 (5) | 51 (5) | 46 (5) | 16 (4) | 52 (4) | 48 (6) | 13 (4) | 48 (4) | 32 (5) | 17 (6) | 16 (4) | 76 (4) | 35 (9) |
| No | 2250 (95) | 1422 (95) | 502 (96) | 326 (95) | 1069 (95) | 823 (95) | 358 (96) | 1123 (96) | 806 (94) | 321 (96) | 1036 (96) | 591 (95) | 273 (94) | 350 (96) | 1833 (96) | 352 (91) |
| Social capital | ||||||||||||||||
| Capacity of communication with locals Mean±SD | 6.6±2.2 | 6.9±2.2 | 6.2±2.1 | 5.8±2.1 | 7.0±2.2 | 6.5±2.1 | 5.7±2.2 | 7.0±2.2 | 6.5±2.0 | 5.6±2.2 | 7.0±2.2 | 6.6±2.0 | 6.2±2.0 | 5.8±2.1 | 6.7±2.2 | 5.8±2.0 |
| Community support Mean±SD | 5.0±2.2 | 5.1±2.3 | 5.0±2.2 | 4.8±2.0 | 7.0±2.2 | 6.5±2.1 | 5.7±2.2 | 5.0±2.2 | 5.1±2.2 | 4.9±2.1 | 5.1±2.3 | 5.2±2.3 | 4.7±2.0 | 4.9±2.1 | 5.0±2.2 | 5.0±2.2 |
| How often attend place of worship n (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Never | 582 (25) | 384 (26) | 113 (22) | 85 (25) | 295 (27) | 192 (23) | 95 (26) | 293 (26) | 200 (24) | 293 (26) | 267 (26) | 142 (23) | 84 (29) | 89 (25) | 451 (24) | 113 (30) |
| Rarely | 646 (28) | 395 (27) | 162 (31) | 89 (26) | 313 (29) | 233 (27) | 100 (27) | 330 (29) | 227 (27) | 330 (29) | 310 (30) | 166 (27) | 73 (25) | 97 (27) | 534 (29) | 97 (26) |
| Monthly | 727 (32) | 458 (32) | 156 (30) | 113 (33) | 317 (29) | 288 (34) | 122 (33) | 347 (31) | 274 (33) | 347 (31) | 324 (31) | 207 (34) | 78 (27) | 118 (33) | 585 (31) | 117 (31) |
| Weekly or more often | 356 (15) | 216 (15) | 86 (17) | 54 (16) | 165 (15) | 140 (16) | 51 (14) | 165 (15) | 142 (17) | 165 (15) | 148 (14) | 96 (16) | 53 (18) | 59 (16) | 304 (16) | 48 (13) |
| Type of friends in Australia n (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| Mostly form my ethnic/religious community | 1110 (47) | 669 (45) | 265 (51) | 176 (52) | 519 (47) | 398 (46) | 193 (52) | 537 (46) | 400 (47) | 173 (52) | 494 (46) | 289 (47) | 144 (50) | 183 (50) | 907 (48) | 177 (46) |
| Mostly form other ethnic/religious community | 83 (4) | 59 (4) | 18 (3) | 6 (2) | 38 (3) | 37 (4) | 8 (2) | 43 (4) | 32 (4) | 8 (2) | 39 (4) | 25 (4) | 10 (4) | 9 (3) | 70 (4) | 11 (3) |
| A mixture | 798 (34) | 555 (38) | 159 (30) | 84 (25) | 410 (37) | 295 (34) | 93 (25) | 431 (37) | 295 (35) | 72 (22) | 394 (37) | 226 (36) | 90 (31) | 88 (24) | 682 (36) | 92 (24) |
| Do not have any friends | 350 (15) | 194 (13) | 82 (16) | 74 (22) | 143 (13) | 133 (15) | 74 (20) | 150 (13) | 123 (15) | 77 (23) | 140 (13) | 81 (13) | 44 (15) | 85 (23) | 235 (12) | 103 (27) |
*Numbers may not add to column total due to missing data