Descriptive statistics (mean and SD or frequency and %) for outcome measures at each time point
| Outcome | Initial questionnaire | 2 months | 6 months | 12 months | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | |
| Physical health: SF-36 PCS, mean (SD) | 35.7 (10.1) | 36.6 (9.9) | 37.5 (11.2) | 38.5 (10.5) | 37.9 (11.3) | 38.7 (11.2) | 38.7 (12.0) | 39.7 (11.2) |
| Mental health: SF-36 MCS, mean (SD) | 44.4 (13.7) | 42.7 (14.0) | 45.9 (12.7) | 44.7 (12.5) | 46.2 (13.1) | 45.2 (12.9) | 45.7 (13.4) | 45.3 (13.2) |
| Overall perceived change from baseline, n (%) | ||||||||
| Completely recovered | − | − | 8 (1.9) | 4 (1.4) | 28 (6.5) | 13 (4.0) | 30 (7.6) | 21 (7.2) |
| Much improved | − | − | 52 (12.3) | 33 (11.2) | 44 (10.1) | 56 (17.2) | 60 (15.3) | 50 (17.2) |
| Somewhat improved | − | − | 81 (19.2) | 72 (24.3) | 79 (18.2) | 52 (15.0) | 59 (15.0) | 38 (13.1) |
| Same | − | − | 176 (41.7) | 114 (38.5) | 133 (30.7) | 99 (30.5) | 106 (27.0) | 86 (29.7) |
| Somewhat worse | − | − | 89 (21.1) | 59 (19.9) | 120 (27.7) | 80 (24.6) | 113 (28.8) | 67 (23.1) |
| Much worse | − | − | 16 (3.8) | 14 (4.7) | 30 (6.9) | 25 (7.7) | 25 (6.4) | 28 (9.7) |
| Pain self-efficacy (0-60), mean (SD) | 33.4 (16.5) | 32.5 (16.3) | 36.8 (16.0) | 37.1 (16.1) | 36.0 (16.1) | 36.8 (16.3) | 35.5 (16.8) | 38.1 (16.3) |
| Convenience of services received,* mean (SD) | − | − | 7.1 (2.8) | 7.2 (2.5) | 7.1 (2.5) | 7.4 (2.6) | − | − |
| Satisfaction with services received,† mean (SD) | − | 6.8 (2.9) | 6.9 (2.9) | 7.0 (2.7) | 7.2 (2.7) | − | − | |
Pain self-efficacy scale: 10-item scale, score range=0–60 (0=not at all confident, 60=completely confident despite pain).
*0–10 Numerical Rating Scale: (0=not at all convenient, 10=very convenient).
†0–10 Numerical Rating Scale: (0=not satisfied, 10=very satisfied).
SF-36 MCS, 36-item Short Form Mental Component Summary—the higher the score the greater mental health; SF-36 PCS, 36-item Short Form Physical Component Summary—the higher the score the greater physical health.