Primary analysis: risk ratios (RR), adjusted risk ratios* (aRR) and CIs for poor child health outcomes at T2 (11 years), among those who experienced an increase in financial strain between T1 (7 years) and T2 (11 years), compared with reference groups
| Child health outcomes at T2 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overweight/obesity | Problematic behaviour (teacher scored) | Problematic behaviour (parent scored) | Fair/poor general health score | Long-standing illness | Bedwetting | |||||||||||||
| % (N) | RR (CI) | aRR* (CI) | % (N) | RR (CI) | aRR* (CI) | % (N) | RR (CI) | aRR* (CI) | % (N) | RR (CI) | aRR* (CI) | % (N) | RR (CI) | aRR* (CI) | % (N) | RR (CI) | aRR* (CI) | |
| Became income poor | 32.6 (149) | 1.21 | 1.14 | 21.2 (52) | 2.05 | 1.63 | 25.7 (112) | 2.20 | 1.62 | 3.6 (24) | 1.62 | 1.44 | 15.7 (73) | 1.20 | 1.34 | 7.5 (35) | 1.54 | 1.08 |
| (1.04 to 1.42) | (0.93 to 1.39) | (1.58 to 2.65) | (1.14 to 2.32) | (1.78 to 2.71) | (1.24 to 2.10) | (0.98 to 2.70) | (0.79 to 2.62) | (0.93 to 1.56) | (0.98 to 1.84) | (1.00 to 2.37) | (0.60 to 1.94) | |||||||
| Stayed non-poor | 27.1 (1982) | – | – | 10.8 (477) | 11.7 (824) | – | – | 2.2 (163) | – | – | 13.0 (1011) | – | – | 4.9 (385) | – | – | ||
| Developed difficulty managing | 32.3 (332) | 1.19 | 1.17 | 22.4 (122) | 1.76 | 1.63 | 25.8 (236) | 1.88 | 1.73 | 5.4 (61) | 2.16 | 2.11 | 17.5 (189) | 1.32 | 1.33 | 7.4 (74) | 1.44 | 1.61 |
| (1.07 to 1.33) | (1.02 to 1.34) | (1.45 to 2.14) | (1.26 to 2.11) | (1.63 to 2.16) | (1.44 to 2.09) | (1.58 to 2.94) | (1.47 to 3.02) | (1.12 to 1.56) | (1.09 to 1.62) | (1.11 to 1.87) | (1.17 to 2.21) | |||||||
| Did not report difficulty managing | 27.1 (2317) | – | – | 12.6 (606) | 13.7 (1126) | – | – | 2.5 (224) | – | – | 13.2 (1160) | – | – | 5.1 (446) | – | – | ||
| Felt ‘worse off’ | 30.3 (1310) | 0.99 | 1.04 | 17.8 (411) | 1.14 | 1.15 | 19.4 (796) | 1.13 | 1.27 | 4.7 (203) | 1.44 | 1.74 | 15.7 (695) | 1.22 | 1.33 | 6.1 (274) | 1.30 | 1.27 |
| (0.92 to 1.06) | (0.96 to 1.14) | (0.97 to 1.33) | (0.95 to 1.40) | (1.01 to 1.27) | (1.09 to 1.49) | (1.13 to 1.84) | (1.26 to 2.39) | (1.09 to 1.38) | (1.14 to 1.55) | (1.03 to 1.63) | (0.94 to 1.71) | |||||||
| Felt ‘the same’ | 30.7 (1253) | – | – | 15.9 (339) | – | – | 17.2 (638) | 2.2 | – | 3.3 (140) | – | 12.9 (557) | – | – | 4.7 (202) | – | – | |
NB: all percentages are survey weighted to account for study design and attrition.
*Risk ratios are adjusted for new lone parenthood (ie, two parent household at T1, 7 years and one parent household at T2, 11 years), ethnicity (main respondent white British/Irish, other), maternal level of education at 9 months (degree level or above) and parental age (continuous variable, years). Missing data: lone parenthood: n=1243, ethnicity: n=699, maternal education: n=213 and parental age: n=445.