Table 3

Multiple linear regression of changes in group exercise participation and walking habit (converted into Z-scores) with change in depressive symptoms by analysing multiply imputed data sets (n=3335–3339, models 2 and 3)

	Model 2					Model 3
	B	95% CI	β	t	p Value	B	95% CI	β	t	p Value
*Change in group exercise participation* (44.5 days/year)	−0.156	−0.256 to −0.057	−0.051	−3.07	0.002	−0.139	−0.239 to −0.038	−0.049	−3.00	0.003
*Change in walking habit* (30.7 mins/day)	−0.098	−0.199 to 0.003	−0.034	−1.90	0.058	−0.087	−0.189 to 0.016	−0.034	−1.93	0.054
*Age* (year)	0.006	−0.013 to 0.024	0.012	0.59	0.558	0.005	−0.013 to 0.024	0.011	0.55	0.585
*Sex* (1 men, 2 women)	−0.119	−0.364 to 0.126	−0.020	−0.95	0.341	−0.119	−0.364 to 0.125	−0.020	−0.96	0.339
*Psychological disorder* (0 no, 1 yes)	−0.769	−2.194 to 0.655	−0.029	−1.06	0.290	−0.774	−2.199 to 0.651	−0.029	−1.06	0.287
*Disease status* (0 no, 1 one or more)*	−0.203	−0.426 to 0.019	−0.029	−1.79	0.074	−0.207	−0.430 to 0.016	−0.029	−1.82	0.069
*Educational attainment* (year)	0.053	0.007 to 0.098	0.042	2.28	0.022	0.053	0.008 to 0.098	0.043	2.31	0.021
*Impaired ADL* (0 no, 1 impaired)	0.568	0.025 to 1.110	2.950	2.05	0.040	0.584	0.041 to 1.126	3.032	2.11	0.035
*Changes in drinking habits*
Non→drink.	−0.563	−1.236 to 0.111	−0.029	−1.64	0.101	−0.570	−1.238 to 0.098	−0.029	−1.67	0.095
Drink.→non	0.213	−0.221 to 0.646	0.018	0.96	0.336	0.203	−0.229 to 0.635	0.018	0.92	0.357
Non→non	−0.028	−0.281 to 0.225	−0.005	−0.22	0.827	−0.034	−0.286 to 0.219	−0.006	−0.26	0.793
*Changes in smoking habits*
Smoke.→non	0.841	0.285 to 1.396	0.051	2.97	0.003	0.826	0.274 to 1.378	0.050	2.93	0.003
Non→smoke.	1.308	−0.185 to 2.801	0.035	1.72	0.086	1.267	−0.227 to 2.762	0.034	1.66	0.097
Smoke.→smoke.	−0.308	−0.667 to 0.051	−0.027	−1.68	0.093	−0.304	−0.661 to 0.054	−0.027	−1.67	0.096
*Changes in job status*
No→working	0.284	−0.422 to 0.990	0.017	0.79	0.429	0.297	−0.403 to 0.997	0.018	0.83	0.405
Working→no	0.624	0.171 to 1.078	0.056	2.70	0.007	0.630	0.176 to 1.083	0.057	2.72	0.007
No→no	0.270	−0.027 to 0.566	0.037	1.79	0.074	0.274	−0.023 to 0.570	0.038	1.81	0.071
*Dwelling house damage* (1 no damage→5 complete destruction)	0.212	0.105 to 0.319	0.074	3.90	<0.001	0.215	0.108 to 0.321	0.075	3.96	<0.001
*Death of family member(s)* (0 no, 1 yes)	0.118	−0.104 to 0.340	0.018	1.04	0.299	0.128	−0.095 to 0.350	0.019	1.13	0.260
*Change in equivalent income* (million yen)	−0.059	−0.145 to 0.027	−0.026	−1.36	0.176	−0.059	−0.144 to 0.027	−0.025	−1.35	0.179
*Change in IADL* (score)	−0.266	−0.337 to −0.195	−0.192	−7.33	<0.001	−0.267	−0.338 to −0.196	−0.193	−7.37	<0.001
*Interaction*
Change in exercise x house damage						0.103	−0.006 to 0.213	0.034	1.86	0.063
Change in walking time x house damage						0.095	−0.008 to 0.198	0.033	1.81	0.070

*other than psychological disorder.
ADL, activities of daily living; CI, confidence interval; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living.