Method | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Est (SE) | U value (p) | Est (SE) | U value (p) | Est (SE) | U value (p) | Est (SE) | U value (p) | ||
Multilevel DID (M2) | Control | 0.069 (0.013) | 5.31 (<0.0001) | 0.058 (0.013) | 4.46 (<0.0001) | 0.078 (0.013) | 6.00 (<0.0001) | 0.176 (0.014) | 9.00 (<0.0001) |
Multilevel RM (M4) | R=Reference | 0.080 (0.003) | 26.67 (<0.0001) | 0.087 (0.004) | 21.75 (<0.0001) | 0.100 (0.005) | 20.00 (<0.0001) | 0.201 (0.007) | 28.71 (<0.0001) |
Est stands for parameter estimate by regression coefficients in each of the models. The estimates of time effects are contrasted to the year 2008.
DID, difference-in-differences; RM, repeated measures.