Table 3

The association between adolescent musculoskeletal pain and mental healthcare use* in young adulthood, adjusted for adolescent sociodemographic, physical and psychosocial factors (Final model: n=3302)

		Mental healthcare use in young adulthood
Adolescent factors	n	OR (95% CI)/R²
Step 1:
Model 1—sociodemographic:	3583	R²=0.026
Female gender		1.47 (1.21 to 1.79)^p<0.001
Sami		0.86 (0.61 to 1.20)^p=0.372
Higher parental education		0.89 (0.78 to 1.00)^p=0.051
Family income		0.68 (0.59 to 0.78)^p<0.001
Model 2—physical:	3602	R²=0.041
Musculoskeletal pain		1.27 (1.18 to 1.37)^p<0.001
Sedentary activity		0.99 (0.89 to 1.11)^p=0.909
Physical activity		0.72 (0.64 to 0.80)^p<0.001
Psychosocial factors:
Model 3—supportive:	3790	R²=0.037
Self-efficacy		0.91 (0.88 to 0.94)^p<0.001
Parental involvement		1.02 (0.98 to 1.07)^p=0.320
Parental support		1.07 (1.04 to 1.11)^p<0.001
Peer support		1.05 (0.99 to 1.09)^p=0.053
Model 4—life stressors:	3703	R²=0.046
School-related stress		1.18 (1.12 to 1.24)^p<0.001
Adverse life events		1.14 (1.08 to 1.20)^p<0.001
Model 5—mental health:	3876	R²=0.060
Anxiety/depression		2.51 (2.15 to 2.93)^p<0.001
Step 2:
Model 6 (1+2)—sociodemographic and physical:	3572	R²=0.058
Female gender		1.25 (1.02 to 1.53)^p=0.036
Family income		0.68 (0.59 to 0.79)^p<0.001
Musculoskeletal pain		1.24 (1.15 to 1.34)^p<0.001
Physical activity		0.75 (0.67 to 0.84)^p<0.001
Model 7 (3+4+5)—psychosocial:	3578	R²=0.066
Self-efficacy		0.96 (0.92 to 0.99)^p=0.026
Parental support		1.02 (0.99 to 1.06)^p=0.182
School-related stress		1.10 (1.04 to 1.17)^p=0.001
Adverse life events		1.07 (1.01 to 1.13)^p=0.029
Anxiety/depression		1.64 (1.33 to 2.02)^p<0.001
Step 3/final model† (model 6+7):	3302	R²=0.081
Female gender		1.01 (0.80 to 1.27)^p=0.965
Family income		0.76 (0.65 to 0.90)^p=0.001
Musculoskeletal pain		1.05 (0.96 to 1.15)^p=0.329
Physical activity		0.79 (0.69 to 0.89)^p<0.001
Self-efficacy		0.98 (0.94 to 1.02)^p=0.326
School-related stress		1.07 (1.01 to 1.14)^p=0.024
Adverse life events		1.06 (0.99 to 1.13)^p=0.055
Anxiety/depression		1.63 (1.29 to 2.07)^p<0.001

Statistical analyses: hierarchical logistic regression.
*Patient data from the Norwegian Patient Registry.
^†Bonferroni adjusted significance level 0.0063 for the final model.