Table 1

Patient characteristics

	No lactate	Lactate <4.0	High lactate	p Value no vs <4.0	p Value no vs high	p Value <4.0 vs high
	N=200	N=200	N=197	p Value no vs <4.0	p Value no vs high	p Value <4.0 vs high
Age in years	64±18	67±16	66±16	0.123	0.653	0.696
Sex, female	100 (50.0)	94 (47.0)	86 (43.7)	0.617	0.228	0.546
CCI score	2.0 (0–3)	2.0 (0–3)	2.0 (1–4)	0.700	0.036	0.058
Lactate	–	1.7 (1.3–2.3)	6.2 (4.7–9.3)
Shock*	8 (4.0)	32 (16.0)	58 (29.4)	<0.001	<0.001	0.002
SBP	133±26	126±31	113±32	0.065	<0.001	<0.001
MAP	93±16	89±21	80±32	0.089	<0.001	<0.001
Heart rate	87±23	94±23	105±26	0.010	<0.001	<0.001
Temperature	36.9 (36.4–37.4)	37.1 (36.3–38.2)	36.6 (35.7–37.8)	0.061	0.102	0.003
Oxygen saturation	98 (96–100)	97 (93–99)	97 (93–100)	<0.001	0.040	0.088
Respiratory rate	14 (14–20)	20 (14–25)	24 (20–30)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Serum creatinine	117±99	186±240	205±158	<0.001	<0.001	0.001
Main diagnosis
Shock/haemodynamically unstable	7 (3.5)	34 (17.0)	102 (51.8)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Sepsis	7 (3.5)	23 (11.5)	32 (16.2)	0.008	<0.001	0.192
Infection	55 (27.5)	45 (22.5)	0	0.299	<0.001	<0.001
Gastrointestinal	31 (15.5)	17 (8.5)	11 (5.6)	0.090	0.006	0.328
Respiratory insufficiency	2 (1.0)	9 (5.5)	4 (2.0)	0.186	0.400	0.518
Renal impairment	5 (2.5)	9 (4.5)	0	0.416	0.052	0.009
Cancer/side effect chemotherapy	23 (11.5)	7 (3.5)	0	0.008	<0.001	0.008
Intoxication	14 (7.0)	7 (3.5)	4 (2.0)	0.354	0.081	0.543
Diabetes mellitus related	3 (1.5)	12 (6.0)	9 (4.6)	0.096	0.170	0.655
Liver disease	5 (2.5)	3 (1.5)	6 (3.0)	0.950	0.770	0.903
Other	36 (18)	31 (15.5)	22 (11.2)	0.592	0.195	0.476
Unknown	12 (6.0)	3 (1.5)	7 (3.6)	0.096	0.348	0.384

Data are presented as n (%), mean±SD or as median (IQR).
*Shock was defined as SBP<90 or MAP<65.
Lactate level was given in mmol/L.
Temperature was given in °C.
CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SBD, systolic blood pressure.