Table 4

Effect of antidiabetic medications* on risk of DIC

	Insulin	DPP4 inhibitor	SU	α-GI	Metformin	TZD	Other
All (n=148 105)
Number of admission	72 583	50 733	40 854	30 359	26 722	14 249	14 429
Number of DIC	1355	507	401	300	228	137	128
Age, sex and admission year-adjusted OR	1.88 (1.68 to 2.10)	0.89 (0.79 to 0.99)	0.87 (0.77 to 0.98)	0.83 (0.73 to 0.95)	0.76 (0.66 to 0.88)	0.88 (0.74 to 1.05)	0.71 (0.59 to 0.85)
Further adjusting for underlying diseases	1.53 (1.37 to 1.72)	0.86 (0.76 to 0.96)	0.90 (0.79 to 1.01)	0.85 (0.74 to 0.96)	0.81 (0.70 to 0.93)	0.89 (0.74 to 1.07)	0.74 (0.62 to 0.90)
By underlying disease
Sepsis (n=5109)
Number of admission	3 377	1527	1002	848	625	329	403
Number of DIC	541	173	121	102	75	41	47
Age, sex and admission year-adjusted OR	1.33 (1.09 to 1.63)	0.85 (0.69 to 1.04)	0.90 (0.72 to 1.14)	0.89 (0.70 to 1.12)	0.91 (0.70 to 1.19)	0.94 (0.66 to 1.33)	0.84 (0.61 to 1.16)
Further adjusting for underlying diseases	1.34 (1.09 to 1.64)	0.84 (0.69 to 1.03)	0.90 (0.72 to 1.13)	0.89 (0.70 to 1.12)	0.92 (0.70 to 1.20)	0.93 (0.65 to 1.31)	0.85 (0.61 to 1.17)
Non-septic severe infection (n=10 256)
Number of admission	5796	3105	2577	2039	1554	952	921
Number of DIC	175	69	46	39	23	15	17
Age, sex and admission year-adjusted OR	1.25 (0.91 to 1.71)	0.99 (0.72 to 1.36)	0.77 (0.54 to 1.10)	0.82 (0.57 to 1.18)	0.62 (0.40 to 0.96)	0.71 (0.41 to 1.22)	0.75 (0.45 to 1.24)
Further adjusting for underlying diseases	1.01 (0.73 to 1.40)	0.91 (0.66 to 1.27)	0.78 (0.54 to 1.12)	0.87 (0.60 to 1.25)	0.64 (0.41 to 1.01)	0.75 (0.43 to 1.30)	0.80 (0.47 to 1.33)
Solid tumour (n=46 590)
Number of admission	22 702	16 178	13 801	9078	7117	4544	4288
Number of DIC	441	199	164	112	94	54	61
Age, sex and admission year-adjusted OR	1.45 (1.22 to 1.73)	0.86 (0.72 to 1.03)	0.81 (0.67 to 0.98)	0.85 (0.69 to 1.04)	0.97 (0.78 to 1.21)	0.86 (0.65 to 1.15)	0.95 (0.73 to 1.25)
Further adjusting for underlying diseases	1.31 (1.09 to 1.56)	0.82 (0.68 to 0.98)	0.88 (0.73 to 1.07)	0.86 (0.70 to 1.07)	1.04 (0.83 to 1.30)	0.88 (0.66 to 1.18)	1.02 (0.77 to 1.34)
Acute leukaemia (n=895)
Number of admission	528	317	258	173	148	98	58
Number of DIC	78	26	23	15	14	9	3
Age, sex and admission year-adjusted OR	1.94 (1.17 to 3.21)	0.87 (0.50 to 1.50)	0.84 (0.49 to 1.42)	0.86 (0.47 to 1.56)	1.09 (0.57 to 2.09)	0.76 (0.36 to 1.62)	0.42 (0.12 to 1.43)
Further adjusting for underlying diseases	1.77 (1.06 to 2.95)	0.86 (0.50 to 1.50)	0.82 (0.48 to 1.40)	0.81 (0.45 to 1.48)	1.11 (0.58 to 2.13)	0.70 (0.33 to 1.51)	0.39 (0.11 to 1.37)

Adjustment variables were age (continuous), sex (male or female), admission year (<2011, 2011, 2012, 2013 or 2014) and underlying diseases (sepsis, non-septic severe infection, solid tumour and acute leukaemia; yes or no, for each).
*Medications given within 30 days before admission.
α-GI, α-glucosidase inhibitor; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; SU, sulfonylurea; TZD, thiazolidinedione.