Hospital-acquired ADRs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Possible ADR | Probable ADR | ||||
Characteristics | Yes | No | Yes | No | All patients |
Number of patients | 194 (25)* | 568 (75) | 87 (11)* | 675 (89) | 762 (100) |
Age in years (median and IQR) | 29 (25–39) | 30 (24–43) | 29 (24–40) | 30 (24–42) | 30 (24–42) |
Gender | |||||
Male | 51 (22) | 177 (78) | 22 (10) | 206 (90) | 228 [30] |
Female | 143 (27) | 391 (73) | 65 (12) | 469 (88) | 534 [70] |
Length of stay in days (median and IQR) | 6 (4–8) | 4 (3–6) | 6 (4–8) | 4 (3–6) | 4 (3–6) |
Patient-days of hospitalisation | 1230 | 2511 | 564 | 3177 | 3741 |
HIV-serostatus (% of total) | |||||
Positive | 56 (24) | 176 (76) | 28 (12) | 204 (88) | 232 [30] |
On antiretroviral therapy† | 23 (19) | 99 (81) | 14 (11) | 108 (89) | 122 [53] |
Not on antiretroviral therapy† | 33 (30) | 77 (70) | 14 (13) | 96 (87) | 110 [47] |
Negative | 98 (29) | 242 (71) | 38 (11) | 302 (89) | 340 [45] |
Unknown | 40 (21) | 150 (79) | 21 (11) | 169 (89) | 190 [25] |
Hospitalisation in previous 3 months | |||||
No | 125 (23) | 407 (77) | 54 (10) | 478 (90) | 532 [70] |
Yes | 69 (30) | 161 (70) | 33 (14) | 197 (86) | 230 [30] |
Use of herbal medicines in the 4 weeks prior hospitalisation | |||||
No | 127 (23) | 428 (77) | 52 ( 9) | 503 (91) | 555 [73] |
Yes | 67 (32) | 140 (68) | 35 (17) | 172 (83) | 207 [27] |
Ward | |||||
Infectious diseases and gastrointestinal illnesses | 58 (18) | 262 (82) | 30 ( 9) | 290 (91) | 320 [42] |
Haematology, neurology and endocrinology | 21 (18) | 96 (82) | 11 ( 9) | 106 (91) | 117 [15] |
Cardiovascular, pulmonology and nephrology | 49 (37) | 85 (63) | 21 (16) | 113 (84) | 134 [18] |
Gynaecology | 66 (36) | 125 (64) | 25 (13) | 166 (87) | 191 [25] |
Italics represents further stratification of data in the ‘Positive’ stratum under HIV-serostatus.
*Incidence of possible hospital-acquired ADRs was 25% (194/762; 95% CI 22% to 29%): 85 (44%) of 194 patients experienced serious possible ADRs; and 11% (87/762; 95% CI 9% to 14%) probable ADRs: 40 (46%) of 87 patients had serious probable ADRs.
†Test of significance for developing an ADR among HIV-positive patients using (vs not using) antiretroviral therapy; χ2(df=1)=3.93; p=0.048 for possible ADR and χ2(df=1)=0.09; p=0.770 for probable ADR.
( )=row %; [ ]=column %.
ADRs, adverse drug reactions.