Random-effects linear regression analysis of the association between parental socioeconomic position and birthweight z-score and BMI z-scores from birth to age 7 years by gender, the DNBC 1996–2010, n=85 062
| Socioeconomic characteristics | Boys birth | Boys 5 months | Boys 12 months | Boys 7 years | Girls birth | Girls 5 months | Girls 12 months | Girls 7 years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal education | ||||||||
| <10 years | 0.00 (ref) | 0.071 (0.007 to 0.135) | 0.043 (−0.021 to 0.108) | 0.201 (0.125 to 0.266) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.060 (−0.006 to 0.126) | 0.027 (−0.039 to 0.093) | 0.193 (0.126 to 0.260) |
| 10–12 years | 0.00 (ref) | −0.021 (−0.049 to 0.006) | −0.009 (−0.037 to 0.018) | 0.011 (−0.017 to 0.038) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.001 (−0.029 to 0.026) | −0.009 (−0.037 to 0.019) | 0.024 (−0.005 to 0.052) |
| >12 years/ref | 0.00 (ref) | −0.072 (−0.102 to −0.043) | −0.085 (−0.114 to −0.055) | −0.139 (−0.169 to −0.110) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.103 (−0.133 to −0.073) | −0.098 (−0.127 to −0.068) | −0.151 (−0.181 to −0.121) |
| p<0.0001* | p<0.0001* | |||||||
| Paternal education | ||||||||
| <10 years | 0.00 (ref) | 0.075 (0.024 to 0.127) | 0.072 (0.020 to 0.124) | 0.183 (0.131 to 0.236) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.044 (−0.008 to 0.097) | 0.029 (−0.023 to 0.082) | 0.155 (0.102 to 0.208) |
| 10–12 years | 0.00 (ref.) | −0.031 (−0.057 to −0.004) | −0.030 (−0.057 to −0.003) | 0.005 (−0.022 to 0.032) | 0.00 (ref.) | −0.044 (−0.071 to −0.017) | −0.034 (−0.061 to −0.007) | −0.002 (−0.029 to 0.025) |
| >12 years/ref | 0.00 (ref) | −0.085 (−0.118 to −0.053) | −0.090 (−0.123 to −0.057) | −0.187 (−0.220 to −0.153) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.067 (−0.100 to −0.034) | −0.089 (−0.123 to −0.056) | −0.168 (−0.202 to −0.134) |
| p<0.0001* | p<0.0001* | |||||||
| Household income quintiles | ||||||||
| <20 | 0.00 (ref) | −0.044 (−0.094 to 0.005) | −0.075 (−0.124 to −0.026) | −0.022 (−0.072 to 0.028) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.077 (−0.126 to 0.028) | −0.085 (−0.135 to −0.036) | −0.034 (−0.083 to 0.016) |
| 20 to <40 | 0.00 (ref) | −0.095 (−0.138 to −0.053) | −0.112 (−0.155 to −0.069) | −0.050 (−0.093 to −0.006) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.137 (−0.180 to −0.093) | −0.125 (−0.169 to −0.082) | −0.044 (−0.088 to 0.000) |
| 40 to <60 | 0.00 (ref) | −0.058 (−0.010 to −0.017) | −0.038 (−0.080 to 0.003) | −0.040 (−0.082 to 0.003) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.043 (−0.085 to −0.001) | −0.045 (−0.087 to −0.003) | −0.042 (−0.084 to 0.001) |
| 60 to <80 | 0.00 (ref) | −0.023 (−0.018 to 0.064) | 0.009 (−0.033 to 0.050) | 0.007 (−0.035 to 0.050) | 0.00 (ref) | −0.020 (−0.062 to 0.022) | −0.036 (−0.078 to 0.006) | −0.056 (−0.099 to −0.014) |
| >80/ref | 0.00 (ref) | −0.006 (−0.047 to 0.035) | 0.018 (−0.024 to 0.059) | −0.073 (−0.115 to −0.031) | 0.00 (ref) | 0.064 (0.022 to 0.106) | 0.058 (0.016 to 0.010) | −0.007 (−0.050 to 0.035) |
| p≤0.0001* | p<0.0001* | |||||||
Estimates represent change in anthropometry z-score (and 95% CIs) from birth.
*Overall interaction, SEP and BMI z-score which equals a test for differences in tracking of BMI between SEP groups.
BMI, body mass index; DNBC, Danish National Birth Cohort; SEP, socioeconomic position.