Table 2

Characteristics of patients with confirmed Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015 evaluated by outbreak versus non-outbreak conditions

	Outbreak cases		Non-outbreak cases		χ²	p Value
	N=485		N=765
	n	Per cent	n	Per cent
Age (years)
≥51	281	58	362	47	12.66	<0.001
<51	204	42	401	52
Unknown (UNK)	0		2
Sex
Male	323	67	484	63	1.39	0.239
Female	160	33	279	36
UNK	2		2
Nationality
Saudi	331	68	509	67	0.34	0.558
Non-Saudi	153	32	255	33
UNK	1		1
Healthcare worker (HCW)
Yes	108	22	167	22	0.01	0.920
No	375	77	594	77
UNK	2		4
Patient hospitalised prior to onset of MERS symptoms (nosocomial infection)
Yes	193	40	220	29	15.84	<0.001
No	292	60	545	71
Reason for testing (mode of transmission)
Suspect	357	74	503	66	22.85	<0.001
HCW	99	20	150	20
Household	27	6	110	14
UNK	2		2
Reason for testing (symptoms presented)
Group 1	107	22	288	28	100.84	<0.001
Group 2	96	20	65	8
Group 3	11	2	35	5
Group 4	140	29	288	28
Group 5	128	26	85	11
Group 6	1	0	3	0
UNK	2		1
Outcome
Deceased	245	51	290	38	18.76	<0.001
Alive	240	49	475	6%

Yates’ correction was used for all χ² calculations.