Study characteristics, stratified on antidepressant type used during the first trimester
| Non-exposed n=14 847 | Paroxetine n=1132 | Sertraline n=365 | Citalopram n=584 | Fluoxetine n=191 | Fluvoxamine n=55 | Venlafaxine n=738 | Tricyclic antidepressants n=382 | Other antidepressants n=193 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy-related: | No. (%) | ||||||||
| Gestational age (weeks), mean (±SD) | 38.7±1.9 | 38.4±1.9 | 38.5±1.9 | 38.5±1.9 | 38.3±2.2 | 38.1±2.6 | 38.4±2.0 | 38.5±2.4 | 38.5±2.3 |
| Birth weight (g), mean (±SD) | 3309.7±562.7 | 3249.3±562.5 | 3258.7±554.2 | 3263.0±544.4 | 3241.0±655.0 | 3186.7±676.0 | 3226.2±566.0 | 3218.7±583.3 | 3247.5±620.7 |
| Newborn gender (male) | 7595 (51.2) | 590 (52.1) | 194 (53.2) | 297 (50.9) | 83 (43.5) | 26 (47.3) | 377 (51.2) | 197 (51.2) | 109 (56.5) |
| Measure on the first day of gestation | |||||||||
| Maternal age, years, mean (±SD) | 27.6±5.7 | 28.3±5.7 | 28.6±6.0 | 28.0±5.4 | 29.4±5.8 | 30.8±6.3 | 27.9±5.2 | 29.2±6.2 | 29.0±6.2 |
| Urban dweller, n (%) | 12 404 (83.6) | 902 (79.7) | 296 (81.1) | 495 (84.8) | 161 (84.3) | 43 (78.2) | 609 (82.5) | 312 (81.7) | 160 (82.9) |
| Welfare recipient, n (%) | 5852 (39.4) | 536 (47.4) | 157 (43.0) | 240 (41.1) | 96 (50.3) | 29 (52.7) | 298 (40.4) | 167 (43.7) | 100 (51.8) |
| Living alone, n (%) | 3056 (20.6) | 289 (25.5) | 83 (22.7) | 130 (22.3) | 55 (28.8) | 11 (20.0) | 192 (26.0) | 95 (24.9) | 55 (28.5) |
| Maternal comorbidities in the year before or during pregnancy | |||||||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 296 (2.0) | 22 (1.9) | 11 (3.0) | 16 (2.7) | 5 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (1.8) | 17 (4.5) | 5 (2.6) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 682 (4.6) | 53 (4.7) | 20 (5.5) | 31 (5.3) | 16 (8.4) | 2 (3.6) | 46 (6.2) | 44 (11.5) | 16 (8.3) |
| Asthma, n (%) | 2655 (17.9) | 258 (22.8) | 85 (23.3) | 140 (24.0) | 37 (19.4) | 10 (18.2) | 165 (22.4) | 92 (24.1) | 56 (29.0) |
| Health services usage in the year before and during the first trimester | |||||||||
| Visits to a physician, mean (±SD) | 9.2±7.1 | 9.7±8.3 | 10.4±8.9 | 8.4±6.7 | 10.8±8.5 | 8.8±5.9 | 8.5±6.7 | 11.7±10.2 | 10.5±7.7 |
| Visits to a general practitioner, mean (±SD) | 6.6±5.2 | 7.3±6.4 | 7.3±6.4 | 6.5±4.7 | 6.9±5.6 | 6.2±4.7 | 6.7±5.0 | 7.9±7.2 | 7.6±5.8 |
| Visits to specialists other than psychiatrist or obstetricians, mean (±SD) | 1.7±3.0 | 1.8±4.0 | 2.3±4.7 | 1.4±3.7 | 3.0±5.3 | 2.0±1.4 | 1.3±3.2 | 2.7±3.6 | 2.1±3.2 |
| At least one: | |||||||||
| Psychiatrist visit | 137 (0.9) | 6 (0.5) | 3 (0.8) | 4 (0.7) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.5) | 11 (2.9) | 2 (1.0) |
| Obstetrician visit | 4790 (32.3) | 268 (23.7) | 101 (27.7) | 131 (22.4) | 54 (28.3) | 12 (21.8) | 151 (20.5) | 121 (31.7) | 51 (26.4) |
| ED visit | 2869 (19.3) | 223 (19.7) | 43 (11.8) | 176 (30.1) | 34 (17.8) | 6 (10.9) | 240 (32.5) | 69 (18.1) | 44 (22.8) |
| Hospitalisation | 1091 (7.4) | 80 (7.1) | 17 (4.7) | 79 (13.5) | 14 (7.3) | 3 (5.5) | 82 (11.1) | 30 (7.9) | 21 (10.9) |
| Benzodiazepine prescription filled | 3218 (21.7) | 527 (46.6) | 161 (44.1) | 217 (37.2) | 81 (42.4) | 26 (47.3) | 274 (37.1) | 91 (23.8) | 73 (37.8) |
| No. of medications used other than antidepressants/benzodiazepines | |||||||||
| 0 | 2620 (17.7) | 111 (9.8) | 34 (9.3) | 50 (8.6) | 16 (8.4) | 5 (9.1) | 64 (8.7) | 26 (6.8) | 7 (3.6) |
| 1–2 | 4334 (29.2) | 349 (30.8) | 85 (23.3) | 146 (25.0) | 50 (25.2) | 14 (25.5) | 206 (27.9) | 84 (22.0) | 54 (28.0) |
| 3–5 | 4674 (31.5) | 387 (34.2) | 135 (37.0) | 209 (35.8) | 70 (36.7) | 24 (43.6) | 253 (34.3) | 103 (27.0) | 65 (33.7) |
| ≥6 | 3219 (21.7) | 285 (25.2) | 111 (30.4) | 179 (30.7) | 55 (28.8) | 12 (21.8) | 215 (29.1) | 169 (44.2) | 67 (34.7) |
| No. of different prescribers | |||||||||
| 0–1 | 2374 (16.0) | 77 (6.8) | 24 (6.6) | 42 (7.2) | 9 (4.7) | 3 (5.5) | 46 (6.2) | 23 (6.0) | 4 (2.1) |
| 2–3 | 5642 (38.0) | 419 (37.0) | 129 (35.3) | 182 (31.2) | 76 (39.8) | 18 (32.7) | 274 (37.1) | 121 (31.7) | 67 (34.7) |
| >3 | 6831 (46.0) | 636 (56.2) | 212 (58.1) | 360 (61.6) | 106 (55.5) | 34 (61.8) | 418 (56.6) | 238 (62.3) | 122 (63.2) |
ED, emergency department visit