Table 2

Participant characteristics

	Non-grand multiparous (n=3852)		Grand multiparous (n=183)
	Frequency	Per cent	Frequency	Per cent
Race/ethnicity
Hispanic	717	18.7	57	31.2
Black	1182	30.8	76	41.5
Non-Black, non-Hispanic	1943	50.6	50	27.3
Poverty status at 14
In poverty	942	24.5	79	43.2
Not in poverty	2697	70.2	98	53.6
Average age (mean)
In 1980	18.25		18.15
In 2010	45.03		45.48
RGL
<5th grade	513	13.4	59	32.2
5–6th grade	519	13.5	43	23.5
7–8th grade	628	16.4	25	13.7
9–11th grade	1305	34.0	33	18.0
12th+ grade	877	22.8	23	12.6
HS degree in 1985
No	606	15.8	83	45.4
Yes	3155	82.0	96	52.5
Parous in 1980
Parous	678	18.7	78	45.1
Nulliparous	2943	81.3	95	54.9

Note: Percentages do not add to 100% in all cases.
RGL, Reading Grade Level.