Associations between baseline characteristics and 8-year cumulative incidence of diabetes (2005 to 2013), Thai Cohort Study
| Baseline characteristics | Diabetes status in 2013 | Men N=17 607 * OR (95% CI) | Women N=21 900 * OR (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incident cases | Total at risk | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Age | n (%) | N=39 507 * | ||||||
| 15–29 | 108 (1.0) | 17 447 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 30–39 | 252 (2.0) | 14 383 | 2.5 (1.8 to 3.4) | 2.4 (1.7 to 3.4) | 2.0 (1.4 to 2.8) | 2.9 (2.1 to 4.1) | 2.8 (1.9 to 4.1) | 2.1 (1.4 to 3.0) |
| 40–49 | 253 (4.0) | 6506 | 5.4 (4.0 to 7.4) | 4.7 (3.3 to 6.8) | 3.4 (2.3 to 5.0) | 6.5 (4.6 to 9.2) | 6.3 (4.1 to 9.6) | 3.8 (2.4 to 5.9) |
| 50 and over | 85 (7.0) | 1171 | 10.4 (7.2 to 14.9) | 9.0 (5.8 to 14.0) | 6.1 (3.9 to 9.7) | 10.4 (6.0 to 18.2) | 9.9 (5.2 to 19.0) | 5.1 (2.6 to 10.0) |
| Income(Baht/month) | ||||||||
| <10 000 | 267 (1.0) | 22 926 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 10 001−20 000 | 227 (2.0) | 10 928 | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.2) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.1) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.5) |
| >20 001 | 188 (4.0) | 4907 | 1.3 (1.00 to 1.72) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.5) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) |
| Education | ||||||||
| High school or less | 298 (2.0) | 17 084 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Tertiary education | 396 (2.0) | 22 328 | 1.2 (1.00 to 1.47) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) |
| Childhood area of residence | ||||||||
| Countryside (rural) | 448 (2.0) | 29 248 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| City/town (urban) | 237 (2.0) | 9891 | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.9) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.7) | 1.4 (1.01 to 1.79) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) |
| BMI (kg/m2) (Asian cut points) | ||||||||
| Underweight ≤18.49 | 8 (0.2) | 5183 | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.9) | 0.7 (0.3 to 2.0) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.7) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.8) | ||
| Normal (18.5–22.9) | 123 (1.0) | 20 997 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| At risk (23.0–24.9) | 121 (2.0) | 6381 | 1.8 (1.3 to 2.6) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.8) | 3.6 (2.4 to 5.3) | 3.7 (2.4 to 5.7) | ||
| Obese I (25.00–29.9) | 294 (5.0) | 5489 | 5.1 (3.9 to 6.8) | 5.4 (3.9 to 7.3) | 10.1 (7.2 to 14.2) | 10.4 (7.2 to 15.0) | ||
| Obese II (≥30.0) | 142 (15.0) | 971 | 20.6 (14.7 to 28.9) | 23.1 (16.1 to 33.0) | 27.7 (18.8 to 40.8) | 28.5 (18.7 to 43.4) | ||
| Gardening or housework | ||||||||
| Most days | 362 (2.0) | 22 010 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1–2 times/week | 176 (2.0) | 10 617 | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.7) | 1.3 (0.95 to 1.80) |
| ≤3 times a month | 148 (2.0) | 6429 | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.7) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6) |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| Never smoked | 384 (1.0) | 28 632 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ex-smoker | 157 (3.0) | 6128 | 1.1 (0. 9 to 1.4) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.6) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.9) | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.5) |
| Current smoker | 119 (4.0) | 3173 | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.4) | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2) | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.2) | 2.1 (0.8 to 5.9) | 1.7 (0.5 to 5.6) | 1.1 (0.3 to 4.0) |
| Alcohol intake | ||||||||
| Never | 152 (1.0) | 10 873 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Used to drink (quit) | 71 (2.0) | 3252 | 1.5 (0.97 to 2.42) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.5) | 1.7 (1.0 to 2.9) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.1) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.2) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.2) |
| Occasional/social | 399 (2.0) | 23 049 | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.0) | 1.4 (0.9 to 2.1) | 1.5 (0.96 to 2.37) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.1) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | 0.9 (0.2 to 1.3) |
| Regular drinker | 68 (4.0) | 1900 | 2.0 (1.3 to 3.1) | 1.7 (1.00 to 2.77) | 1.8 (1.1 to 3.0) | 0.5 (0.1 to 3.9) | 0.5 (0.1 to 3.9) | 0.7 (0.1 to 5.2) |
Model 1, age adjusted; Model 2, age and all variables except BMI; Model 3, Model 2 with BMI.
*Numbers may not add to total sample size due to missing responses for some characteristics.