Table 2

Utilisations of epidural injections in the fee-for-service Medicare population from 2000 to 2014

	Cervical/thoracic interlaminar epidurals (CPT 62310)			Lumbar interlaminar and caudal epidurals (CPT 62311)			Cervical/thoracic transforaminal epidurals					Lumbar/sacral transforaminal epidurals
	Services	Rate	Per cent of change from previous year	Services	Rate	Per cent of change from previous year	CPT 64479	CPT 64480	Total	Rate	Per cent of change from previous year	CPT 64483	CPT 64484	Total		Per cent of change from previous year
	Services	Rate	Per cent of change from previous year	Services	Rate	Per cent of change from previous year	Services	Services	Services	Rate	Per cent of change from previous year	Services	Services	Services	Rate	Per cent of change from previous year
2000	75 741	191	–	618 362	1560	–	13 454	9434	22 888	58	–	85 006	37 477	122 483	309	–
2001	84 385	211	10.3	702 713	1755	12.5	14 732	8537	23 269	58	0.6	125 534	53 133	178 667	446	44.4
2002	99 117	245	16.1	786 919	1943	10.7	18 583	10 835	29 418	73	25.0	177 679	79 115	256 794	634	42.1
2003	109 783	267	9.1	838 858	2040	5.0	21 882	15 769	37 651	92	26.0	242 491	114 046	356 537	867	36.7
2004	130 649	313	17.3	878 174	2104	3.2	25 182	18 094	43 276	104	13.3	363 744	196 044	559 788	1341	54.7
2005	141 652	333	6.5	945 350	2225	5.7	27 844	20 525	48 369	114	9.8	395 508	216 892	612 400	1441	7.4
2006	146 748	339	1.6	946 961	2185	−1.8	29 822	23 073	52 895	122	7.2	452 125	245 453	697 578	1610	11.7
2007	156 415	353	4.4	926 029	2092	−4.3	29 938	22 266	52 204	118	−3.4	506 274	274 305	780 579	1764	9.6
2008	165 636	365	3.2	905 419	1994	−4.7	32 286	24 003	56 289	124	5.1	572 340	317 448	889 788	1959	11.1
2009	175 503	383	5.1	888 166	1939	−2.7	37 012	27 487	64 499	141	13.6	632 658	351 685	984 343	2149	9.7
2010	184 750	394	2.8	888 421	1894	−2.3	40 003	29 888	69 891	149	5.8	679 117	383 128	1 062 245	2264	5.4
2011	200 134	414	5.2	914 324	1893	0.0	38 970	26 628	65 598	136	−8.8	710 638	398 519	1 109 157	2296	1.4
2012	213 390	424	2.4	925 179	1839	−2.8	35 945	21 293	57 238	114	−16.2	718 437	390 749	1 109 186	2205	−4.0
2013	217 393	419	−1.3	901 468	1737	−5.6	34 699	20 409	55 108	106	−6.7	700 820	385 098	1 085 918	2092	−5.1
2014	208 741	390	−6.9	815 858	1525	−12.2	37 944	21 587	59 531	111	4.8	763 793	407 745	1 171 538	2190	4.7
Per cent of change from 2000 to 2014
Change	176	104	–	32	−2	–	182	129	160	93	–	799	988	856	609	–
Geometric average annual change (%)
Geometric average	7.5	5.2	–	2.0	−0.2	–	7.7	6.1	7.1	4.8	–	17.0	18.6	17.5	15.0	–

Rate—per 100 000 Medicare beneficiaries.