Maternal or perinatal characteristics | Pre-eclampsia Early vs late onset (n=262) (n=1188) | Control (n=1065) | p Value early vs late | p Value early vs control | p Value late vs control | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 31.5±6.1 (261) | 30.0±5.3 | 29.8±5.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.239 |
Gravity | 2.3±2.0 | 1.9±1.5 | 2.3±1.7 | 0.014 | 0.934 | <0.001 |
Primiparous | 176 (67.2%) | 889 (74.8%) (1187) | 596 (56.0%) | 0.013 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
Weight, kg (self-reported, pre-pregnancy) | 68.9±14.6 (261) | 68.8±15.2 (1186) | 66.3±13.0 (1064) | 0.713* | 0.006* | <0.001* |
BMI, kg/m2 (self-reported, pre-pregnancy) | 25.6±5.1 (261) | 25.2±5.3 (1186) | 24.1±4.4 (1063) | 0.542* | <0.001* | <0.001* |
Systolic blood pressure at first antenatal visit, mm Hg | 126±14 (256) | 124±13 (1151) | 119±13 (1023) | 0.160† | <0.001† | <0.001† |
Diastolic blood pressure at first antenatal visit, mm Hg | 80±10 (256) | 77±10 (1151) | 73±10 (1023) | 0.001† | <0.001† | <0.001† |
Highest systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 177±19 | 165±18 | 131±17 (1063) | <0.001† | <0.001† | <0.001† |
Highest diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 115±10 | 109±9 | 87±11 (1063) | <0.001† | <0.001† | <0.001† |
Proteinuria (maximum), g/24 hours | 6.7±5.4 (254) | 3.6±3.4 (1029) | <0.001† | |||
Smoking before pregnancy | 43 (17.1%) (251) | 270 (23.4%) (1145) | 288 (27.4%) (1037) | 0.058 | 0.001 | 0.041 |
Smoking during pregnancy | 26 (10.3%) (251) | 82 (7.1%) (1153) | 121 (11.5%) (1052) | 0.200 | 0.875 | 0.001 |
Chronic hypertension | 71 (27.1%) | 188 (15.8%) | 65 (6.1%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Gestational diabetes mellitus (diet and/or insulin treated) | 29 (11.1%) | 178 (15.0%) | 89 (8.4%) | 0.096 | 0.173 | <0.001 |
Pregestational diabetes mellitus | 5 (1.9%) | 42 (3.5%) | 9 (0.8%) | 0.175 | 0.133 | <0.001 |
Birth weight, g | 1307±423 | 2997±652 | 3455±687 | <0.001‡ | <0.001‡ | <0.001‡ |
SGA | 135 (51.3%) | 171 (14.4%) (1185) | 71 (6.7%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Relative birth weight (SD) | −2.0±1.0 | −0.8±1.2 | −0.2±1.1 | <0.001‡ | <0.001‡ | <0.001‡ |
Gestation weeks | 30.3±2.4 | 37.7±1.9 | 39.3±2.3 | <0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* |
Bold text shows p values <0.05.
*Adjusted for parity, mother's age at birth.
†Adjusted for parity, mother's age at birth, pre-pregnancy BMI.
‡Adjusted for parity, mother's age at birth, pre-pregnancy BMI, chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes, pregestational diabetes mellitus.
BMI, body mass index; SGA, small-for-gestational age.