Baseline characteristics (n=478 participants)
| Housing type after the GEJE | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Same as that before the GEJE | Temporary* | Privately rented temporary†/rental | Relatives | Reconstructed | p Value‡ | |
| n | 195 | 184 | 64 | 26 | 9 | |
| Male sex (%) | 41.0 | 50.0 | 59.4 | 42.3 | 44.4 | 0.105 |
| Age (y) | 74.1±5.5§ | 72.8±5.4 | 72.8±4.7 | 73.5±5.9 | 72.1±5.2 | 0.179 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1±3.3 | 23.9±3.1 | 24.4±2.7 | 24.8±3.1 | 23.0±2.3 | 0.622 |
| Present illness (%) | ||||||
| Stroke | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.936 |
| Myocardial infarction | 5.1 | 12.0 | 9.4 | 23.1 | 22.2 | 0.013 |
| Kidney disease | 1.0 | 0.5 | 3.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.479 |
| Cancer | 3.6 | 1.6 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.509 |
| Current smoker (%) | 4.1 | 11.5 | 14.5 | 12.0 | 0.0 | 0.031 |
| Current alcohol drinker (%) | 21.1 | 35.3 | 41.9 | 38.5 | 57.1 | 0.002 |
| Poor subjective health (%) | 16.9 | 23.9 | 43.8 | 3.8 | 0.0 | <0.001 |
| Subjectively poor household economic status (%) | 36.4 | 48.4 | 69.4 | 26.9 | 44.4 | <0.001 |
| Psychological distress (%)¶ | 2.6 | 6.6 | 12.9 | 7.7 | 0.0 | 0.033 |
| High risk of insomnia (%)** | 24.5 | 32.4 | 45.0 | 26.9 | 12.5 | 0.027 |
| Little social capital (%)†† | 5.7 | 5.4 | 16.1 | 11.5 | 0.0 | 0.035 |
| High outside physical activity before the GEJE (%) | 83.2 | 83.4 | 89.1 | 71.4 | 88.9 | 0.481 |
| High risk of social isolation (%)‡‡ | 13.4 | 15.4 | 9.5 | 19.2 | 11.1 | 0.725 |
| Marginal family ties (%)§§ | 9.2 | 9.3 | 4.7 | 7.7 | 0.0 | 0.671 |
| Marginal friendship ties (%)¶¶ | 20.1 | 21.4 | 17.5 | 38.5 | 22.2 | 0.259 |
| Low physical activity at the baseline (%)*** | 17.5 | 31.7 | 35.5 | 26.9 | 22.2 | 0.010 |
| Low motor function (%)††† | 23.6 | 16.3 | 25.0 | 23.1 | 0.0 | 0.174 |
*Prefabricated temporary housing.
†Existing privately rented housing was rented by the government and used as emergency temporary housing.
‡Obtained using the χ2 test for variables of proportion and 1-factor ANOVA for continuous variables.
§Mean±SD (all such values).
¶Kessler 6-item psychological distress scale score ≥13.
**Athens insomnia scale score ≥6.
††Social capital scale score ≤8.
‡‡Lubben social network scale-6 score <12.
§§Three-item Lubben social network scale-6 family subscale score <6.
¶¶Three-item Lubben social network scale-6 friend subscale score <6.
***Summed score of three questions (the frequency of performing domestic and occupational physical activities, the frequency of leaving their residence, and walking duration per day) ≤9.
†††Motor function score of the Kihon checklist ≥3.
GEJE, Great East Japan Earthquake.