Physical characteristics of youth at 14 years in full cohort and subsample
| Full cohort | Nested subsample | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At time of full study | p Value* | At time of substudy assessment | |||||
| Boys (n=468) | Girls (n=463) | Boys (n=104) | Girls (n=100) | Boys (n=104) | Girls (n=100) | ||
| Age, years | 14.3 (0.43) | 14.3 (0.41) | 13.9 (0.22) | 14.0 (0.25) | 14.9 (0.43) | 14.9 (0.47) | |
| Anthropometry | |||||||
| Weight, kg | 81.9 (23.42) | 78.2 (19.13) | 77.9 (22.38) | 77.1 (19.55) | 0.842 | 85.8 (25.20) | 81.3 (20.56) |
| Height, cm | 171.6 (7.56) | 165.1 (6.10) | 170.1 (7.63) | 164.5 (5.58) | 0.573 | 175.4 (7.12) | 166.6 (5.58) |
| Waist, cm | 87.0 (16.13) | 80.7 (12.55) | 86.0 (15.89) | 80.6 (12.59) | 0.659 | 88.7 (18.85) | 84.6 (16.20) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.6 (6.87) | 28.6 (6.38) | 26.7 (6.65) | 28.4 (6.37) | 0.929 | 27.8 (7.51) | 29.2 (6.53) |
| CDC weight, SDS | 1.82 (1.11) | 1.67 (0.78) | 1.71 (1.14) | 1.67 (0.81) | 0.489 | 1.79 (1.19) | 1.68 (0.75) |
| CDC height, SDS | 0.79 (0.94) | 0.64 (0.92) | 0.85 (0.93) | 0.64 (0.85) | 0.532 | 0.82 (0.90) | 0.75 (0.86) |
| CDC BMI SDS | 1.51 (0.91) | 1.56 (0.71) | 1.42 (0.92) | 1.55 (0.73) | 0.530 | 1.42 (1.02) | 1.55 (0.70) |
| †Prevalence % | |||||||
| Underweight | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Normal | 28.2 | 21.5 | 28.8 | 20.0 | 28.8 | 24.0 | |
| Overweight | 28.0 | 36.0 | 35.6 | 38.0 | 31.7 | 34.0 | |
| Obese | 43.0 | 42.4 | 35.6 | 42.0 | 39.4 | 42.0 | |
| Blood pressure | |||||||
| Systolic, mm Hg | 122 (10) | 117 (10) | 120 (10) | 117 (10) | 0.921 | 124 (11) | 118 (9) |
| Diastolic, mm Hg | 65 (9) | 67 (8) | 65.7 (8) | 65 (7) | 0.253 | 71 (7) | 72 (7) |
| Pulse, bpm | 76 (12) | 79 (12) | 77 (12) | 78 (10) | 0.711 | 70 (10) | 72 (9) |
| Body Composition | |||||||
| Percentage of BF by BIA | 26.2 (8.56) | 31.9 (0.30) | 25.6 (8.10) | 33.4 (5.76) | 0.778 | 24.8 (8.12) | 32.9 (6.47) |
| Total FM by BIA | 23.0 (13.43) | 25.9 (0.52) | 21.2 (12.01) | 26.7 (10.70) | 0.904 | 22.9 (13.78) | 27.3 (10.56) |
| Total FFM by BIA | 58.9 (11.73) | 52.5 (0.46) | 56.7 (12.31) | 50.6 (9.72) | 0.646 | 63.0 (13.21) | 53.9 (12.63) |
| HbA1C, mmol/mol | 36.0 (2.87) | 36.3 (5.12) | 35.7 (3.51) | 36.6 (7.63) | 0.521 | 36.5 (3.75) | 36.9 (6.38) |
*Test for a difference in mean value by inclusion/exclusion in substudy, adjusted by exact age and sex.
†Using Cole cut-offs.
BF, body fat; BIA, bioelectrical impedance analysis; BMI, body mass index; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; FFM, fat-free mass; FM, fat mass; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin, SDS, SD score.