Maternal characteristics
| A | B | A–B | C | A–C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Bup/Nalox (n=62) | No opioids (n=618) | p Value | Illicit opioids (n=159) | p Value |
| Age (years) | 25.9±4.4 | 25.2±6.3 | 0.21 | 25.5±4.6 | 0.63 |
| Gravida | 4.1±2.4 | 3.3±2.3 | 0.009 | 3.9±2.1 | 0.54 |
| Parity | 2.4±1.8 | 1.8±2.0 | 0.03 | 2.2±1.7 | 0.50 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Type II diabetes | 5 (8.1%) | 26 (4.2%) | 0.19† | 3 (1.9%) | 0.04† |
| Gestational diabetes | 7 (11.3%) | 63 (10.2%) | 0.79* | 14 (8.8%) | 0.57* |
| Hypertension | 6 (9.7%) | 39 (6.3%) | 0.29† | 11 (6.9%) | 0.58† |
| HIV | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Hepatitis B | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | >0.99† | |
| Hepatitis C | 3 (4.8%) | 2 (0.3%) | 0.006† | 12 (7.5%) | 0.566 |
| Prenatal smoking and alcohol exposure | |||||
| Smoking, cig/day | |||||
| None | 7 (11.3%) | 327 (52.9%) | <0.001* | 20 (12.6%) | 0.79* |
| 1–5 | 33 (53.2%) | 208 (33.7%) | 0.002* | 61 (38.4%) | 0.045* |
| 6–10 | 15 (24.2%) | 51 (8.3%) | <0.001* | 34 (21.4%) | 0.65* |
| >10 | 7 (11.3%) | 32 (5.2%) | 0.08† | 44 (27.7%) | 0.009† |
| Alcohol | 11 (17.7%) | 134 (21.7%) | 0.47* | 41 (25.8%) | 0.21* |
Data are n (%) or mean±SD unless otherwise specified.
*χ2 test was used.
†When assumptions for the χ2 test were not met, the Fisher's Exact test was used.