Emotional problems | Conduct problems | Hyperactivity problems | Peer problems | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N Total | Mean score (SD) | Abnormal score N (%) | Mean score (SD) | Abnormal score N (%) | Mean score (SD) | Abnormal score N (%) | Mean score (SD) | Abnormal score N (%) | |
Total | 9215 | 1.57 (1.74) | 683 (7.4) | 1.37 (1.26) | 555 (6.0) | 2.68 (2.12) | 937 (10.2) | 1.09 (1.52) | 771 (8.4) |
Gender | |||||||||
Female | 4655 | 1.77 (1.84) | 424 (9.1) | 1.33 (1.20) | 228 (4.9) | 2.45 (2.00) | 382 (8.2) | 1.02 (1.45) | 335 (7.2) |
Male | 4560 | 1.38 (1.62) | 259 (5.7) | 1.42 (1.31) | 327 (7.2) | 2.91 (2.20) | 555 (12.2) | 1.17 (1.59) | 436 (9.6) |
Age, years | |||||||||
3 | 3292 | 1.13 (1.38) | 94 (2.9) | 1.41 (1.17) | 163 (5.0) | 2.76 (1.92) | 295 (9.0) | 0.93 (1.46) | 246 (7.5) |
6 | 2378 | 1.53 (1.73) | 172 (7.2) | 1.18 (1.22) | 112 (4.7) | 2.36 (2.16) | 198 (8.3) | 0.89 (1.51) | 185 (7.8) |
11 | 1949 | 1.81 (1.85) | 180 (9.2) | 1.37 (1.35) | 143 (7.3) | 2.54 (2.16) | 197 (10.1) | 1.35 (1.56) | 196 (10.1) |
15 | 1596 | 2.27 (2.01) | 237 (14.8) | 1.58 (1.34) | 137 (8.6) | 3.14 (2.27) | 247 (15.5) | 1.39 (1.52) | 144 (9.0) |
Primary carer's education | |||||||||
Master | 2540 | 1.32 (1.53) | 113 (4.4) | 1.22 (1.13) | 101 (4.0) | 2.38 (1.94) | 177 (7.0) | 0.76 (1.28) | 119 (4.7) |
Bachelor | 3106 | 1.54 (1.73) | 225 (7.2) | 1.32 (1.20) | 161 (5.2) | 2.59 (2.07) | 283 (9.1) | 0.90 (1.32) | 166 (5.3) |
Vocational | 1725 | 1.76 (1.84) | 161 (9.3) | 1.45 (1.34) | 124 (7.2) | 2.99 (2.23) | 237 (13.7) | 1.33 (1.63) | 183 (10.6) |
School | 1844 | 1.80 (1.89) | 184 (10.0) | 1.59 (1.40) | 169 (9.2) | 2.95 (2.24) | 240 (13.0) | 1.65 (1.83) | 303 (16.4) |
Household income | |||||||||
Upper quartile | 2356 | 1.38 (1.61) | 135 (5.7) | 1.23 (1.14) | 88 (3.7) | 2.47 (2.06) | 200 (8.5) | 0.81 (1.27) | 106 (4.5) |
Upper middle quartile | 2368 | 1.47 (1.69) | 151 (6.4) | 1.28 (1.19) | 127 (5.4) | 2.54 (1.99) | 199 (8.4) | 0.82 (1.28) | 112 (4.7) |
Lower middle quartile | 2306 | 1.67 (1.77) | 186 (8.1) | 1.45 (1.28) | 149 (6.5) | 2.84 (2.18) | 264 (11.4) | 1.10 (1.49) | 187 (8.1) |
Lower quartile | 2184 | 1.79 (1.88) | 211 (9.7) | 1.55 (1.41) | 191 (8.7) | 2.89 (2.22) | 274 (12.5) | 1.70 (1.85) | 366 (16.8) |
Eczema | |||||||||
Known disease ever | 1538 | 1.75 (1.84) | 140 (9.1) | 1.40 (1.24) | 91 (5.9) | 2.82 (2.15) | 181 (11.8) | 1.02 (1.48) | 118 (7.7) |
Current symptoms | 886 | 1.76 (1.84) | 77 (8.7) | 1.52 (1.29) | 60 (6.8) | 2.88 (2.09) | 103 (11.6) | 1.02 (1.50) | 74 (8.4) |
Asthma | |||||||||
Known disease ever | 649 | 2.05 (1.98) | 84 (12.9) | 1.52 (1.34) | 50 (7.7) | 3.04 (2.34) | 98 (15.1) | 1.30 (1.58) | 66 (10.2) |
Current symptoms | 1079 | 1.88 (1.92) | 116 (10.8) | 1.61 (1.33) | 96 (8.9) | 3.17 (2.25) | 167 (15.5) | 1.12 (1.50) | 90 (8.3) |
Hay fever | |||||||||
Known disease ever | 796 | 2.11 (1.96) | 101 (12.7) | 1.54 (1.38) | 70 (8.8) | 2.85 (2.21) | 101 (12.7) | 1.31 (1.61) | 90 (11.3) |
Current symptoms* | 1000 | 2.42 (2.02) | 155 (15.5) | 1.58 (1.35) | 81 (8.1) | 3.08 (2.23) | 145 (14.5) | 1.44 (1.56) | 107 (10.7) |
Known atopic disease ever | |||||||||
None | 6591 | 1.46 (1.68) | 426 (6.5) | 1.33 (1.23) | 362 (5.5) | 2.60 (2.08) | 609 (9.2) | 1.07 (1.51) | 526 (8.0) |
1 | 1831 | 1.78 (1.83) | 155 (8.5) | 1.46 (1.32) | 133 (7.3) | 2.86 (2.16) | 221 (12.1) | 1.14 (1.55) | 171 (9.3) |
2 or more | 438 | 2.17 (2.03) | 68 (15.5) | 1.44 (1.25) | 29 (6.6) | 2.85 (2.26) | 58 (13.2) | 1.18 (1.54) | 41 (9.4) |
Current symptoms of atopic disease | |||||||||
None | 6603 | 1.42 (1.64) | 400 (6.1) | 1.30 (1.22) | 340 (5.1) | 2.55 (2.07) | 589 (8.9) | 1.05 (1.52) | 531 (8.0) |
1 | 1981 | 1.87 (1.90) | 191 (9.6) | 1.55 (1.32) | 159 (8.0) | 2.94 (2.14) | 240 (12.1) | 1.13 (1.48) | 166 (8.4) |
2 or more* | 452 | 2.33 (2.03) | 72 (15.9) | 1.63 (1.34) | 37 (8.2) | 3.32 (2.32) | 82 (18.1) | 1.34 (1.62) | 48 (10.6) |
Abnormal score refers to children with an abnormal SDQ score, defined by the cut-off scores.
*For children aged 3 years, current symptoms of hay fever could not be reported.
N, number of participants; SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.