Characteristics of included studies
| Author (year) | Country | Data source | Year of data | Sample | Mean age of residents (% females) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ackermann and Kemle (1998)31 | USA | NH and patient records | 1992–1997 | 250 residents in a 92-bed NH | Ø 81.6 years (75%) | |
| Barker et al (1994)32 | USA | NH utilisation review and hospital discharge data | 1982–1984 | 2120 residents newly admitted in 1982 (1700 from skilled and 420 from intermediate NH facilities) | Skilled NH admissions | Intermediate NH admissions: |
| <65 years: 5.4% 65–84 years: 50.4% 85+ years: 44.2% (74%) | <65 years: 7.1% 65–84 years: 47.6% 85+ years: 45.2% (77%) | |||||
| Carter (2003)22 | USA | Massachusetts Medicaid data linked with data from the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review file (MEDPAR)* | 1991–1994 | 72 319 person-quarters from 527 NHs | Ø 82.9 years (79%) | |
| Carter and Porell (2003)23 | USA | Massachusetts Medicaid data linked with data from the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review file (MEDPAR)* | 1991–1994 | 72 319 person-quarters from 527 NHs | Ø 82.9 years (79%) | |
| Carter and Porell (2006)24 | USA | Massachusetts Medicaid data linked with data from the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review file (MEDPAR) and death registry data* | 1991–1993 | 69 119 person-quarters from 527 NHs | Ø 83.0 years (79%) | |
| Cherubini et al (2012)38 | Italy | Data from the longitudinal observational multicenter, prospective 1-year cohort study U.L.I.S.S.E | 2004 | 1466 long-term residents ≥65 years from 31 NHs | 65–84 years: 55.9% 85+ years: 44.1% (71%) | |
| Dobalian (2004)25 | USA | Data from the Nursing Home Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS-NHC) | 1996 | 5708 residents from 815 NHs | <65 years: 9.1% 65–84 years: 53.3% 85+ years: 37.6% (66%) | |
| Freiman and Murtaugh (1993)26 | USA | National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES), Medicare Automated Data Retrieval System (MADRS) | 1987 | 2790 residents ≥65 years from 744 NHs | Ø 83.1 years (74%) | |
| Fried and Mor (1997)18 | USA | Data from regular assessments of NH residents owned by the National Health Corporation (NHC) | 1991–1993 | 3782 long-term residents ≥65 years newly admitted in 1991–1993 from 103 NHs | Ø 83 years (75%) | |
| Hallgren et al (2016)39 | Sweden | Data from the longitudinal, open cohort, multipurpose Study of Health and Drugs in Elderly living in institutions (SHADES) | 2008–2010 | 429 residents ≥65 years from 11 NHs | Ø 85.0 years (71%) | |
| Intrator et al (1999)27 | USA | Minimum data Set (MDS) and the Online Survey of Automated Records (OSCAR) from 10 states | 1993 | 2080 residents from 253 NHs | Ø 81 years (76%) | |
| Kang et al (2011)28 | USA | Data from the 2004 National Nursing Home Survey | 2004 | 12 507 residents ≥50 years from 1174 NHs | Ø 79.9 years (72%) | |
| Li et al (2016)33 | USA | Data from Maryland nursing home experience with care reports, MDS files, Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MEDPAR) and linked with several other databases | 2007–2008 | 14 013 long-term residents ≥65 years from 201 NHs | Ø 83.9 years (73%) | |
| Mor et al (1997)29 | USA | Minimum data Set (MDS), patient records and observation and data from interviews with staff | 1990 and 1993 | 4196 residents (1990: 2118; 1993: 2078) from 268 NHs | 1990: Ø 81.3 years (78%) | 1993: Ø 81.7 years (76%) |
| O'Malley et al (2011)30 | USA | Minimum data Set (MDS) and information from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System | 1998–2004 | 687 956 residents newly admitted from 677 NHs | – (69%) | |
| Ramroth et al (2005)19 | Germany | Data from the German statutory nursing insurance and from the health insurance plans | 1999–2001 | 1926 residents newly admitted in 2000 from 97 NHs | <70 years: 10.3% 70–79 years: 21.9% 80–89 years: 48.4% 90+ years: 19.4% (75%) | |
| Ronald et al (2008)8 | Canada | Administrative data from the British Columbia Linked Health Database (BCLHD) | 1996–1999 | 18 467 residents ≥65 years in BC NHs | 65–84 years: 48.4% 85+ years: 51.6% (70%) | |
| Shapiro et al (1987)34 | Canada | Data from the Manitoba Longitudinal Study on Aging which combined data from interviews with data from claims field routinely by physicians and hospitals | 1970–1977 | 770 residents ≥65 years newly admitted in 1972–1976 or LT residents | New admissions: 65–84 years: 64.0% 85+ years: 36.1% (66.4%) | LT residents: 65–84 years: 41.8% 85+ years: 58.3 (69.1%) |
| Suetens et al (2006)36 | Belgium | Dates and cause of death and hospitalisation were collected every 6 months from the NHs | 2000–2003 | 2814 residents from 23 NHs | Ø 84.0 years (77%) | |
| Tang et al (2010)37 | China | Data were collected from the NHs and from the residents by using the Minimum data Set - Resident Assessment Instrument 2.0 (MDS-RAI 2.0) | 2001 | 1820 residents from 14 NHs | Ø 83.5 years (68%) | |
| Tanuseputro et al (2015)35 | Canada | Data from the Canadian Continuing Care Reporting System (CCRS) linked with Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) and the Registered Persons Database (RPDB) | 2010–2012 | 53 739 residents ≤105 years newly admitted in 2010–2012 from 640 NHs | <70 years: 11.0% 70–79 years: 20.6% 80–89 years: 47.5% 90+ years: 20.8% (65%) | |
*These articles used the same data set.
LT, long term; NH, nursing home; Ø, mean.