Hospitalisation of nursing home residents
| Age-specific and sex-specific analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Author (year) | Prevalence, incidence or number of hospitalisation and follow-up | Prevalence or incidence | Regression/model* |
| Ackerman and Kemle (1998)31 | 142 residents were hospitalised 298 times during 6-year period (540/1000 resident years) 1727 hospital days (3130/1000 resident years) | Hospital days/1000 resident years <65 years: 1300 65–74 years: 3720 75–84 years: 3790 85+ years: 2680 Female: 2960 Male: 3700 | – |
| Barker et al (1994)32 | 892 hospitalisations among the 2120 residents (387/1000 resident years) Follow-up: 2 years Skilled nursing facility: 26.5% (n=451) 1 hospitalisation: 18.5% (n=315) 2 hospitalisations: 5.6% (n=95) 3+ hospitalisations: 2.4% (n=41) 647 hospitalisations in 1869 resident years (346/1000) Intermediate nursing facility: 41.7% (n=175) 1 hospitalisation: 28.3% (n=119) 2 hospitalisations: 10.5% (n=44) 3 hospitalisations: 2.9% (n=12) 245 hospitalisations in 433 resident years (566/1000) | Skilled nursing facility: <65 years: 17.4% 65–74 years: 24.8% 75–84 years: 28.9% 85+ years: 26.2% Female: 25.4% Male: 29.9% Intermediate nursing facility: <65 years: 36.7% 65–74 years: 52.0% 75–84 years: 42.7% 85+ years: 38.9% Female: 44.0% Male: 37.1% | – |
| Carter (2003)22 | Hospitalisation: 11% (n=8070) of all resident-quarters (n=73 319) | – | Logistic regression Age: OR=1.01 (p<0.001) Male: OR=1.34 (p<0.001) |
| Carter and Porell (2003)23 | Hospitalisation: 11% (n=8070) of all resident-quarters (n=73 319) | – | Logistic regression Age: OR=1.01 (p<0.001) Male: OR=1.36 (p<0.001) |
| Carter and Porell (2006)24 | Hospitalisation: 13% of all resident-quarters (n=69 119) | – | Logistic regression Age: OR=1.01 (p<0.001) Male: OR=1.38 (p<0.001) |
| Cherubini et al (2012)38 | Hospitalisation: 11.6% (n=170) Follow-up: 1 year | – | Mixed-Effects logistic regression model Age >85 years: OR=1.27 (p=0.1688) Male: OR=1.67† (p=0.0058) |
| Dobalian (2004)25 | Hospitalisation: 25.0% (n=1559) Follow-up: 1 year | – | Multivariable analysis <65 years: Reference 65–84 years: OR=1.24 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.60; p=0.091) 85+ years: OR=1.22 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.59; p=0.138) Male: OR=1.22 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.44; p=0.021) |
| Freiman and Murtaugh (1993)26 | Hospitalisation: 30.5% Follow-up: 1 year | – | Multinominal logistic analysis Age: OR=1.27 (p<0.05) Age squared: OR=1.00 (p<0.05) Male: OR=1.27† (p<0.05) |
| Fried and Mor (1997)18 | Hospitalisation: 25% (n=931) Follow-up: 6 months 1 hospitalisation: 83% 2 hospitalisations: 13% 3 hospitalisations: 3% (one resident four and one resident five times) | 65–74 years: 33% 75+ years: 23% Female: 23% Male: 30% | Multivariate analysis Age <75 years: OR=1.41 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.73) Male: OR=1.39 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.65) |
| Hallgren et al (2016)39 | Hospitalisation: 45.7% (n=196) Follow-up: 3 years 2 hospitalisations: 17.0% 5 or 6 hospitalisations: 0.02% | Female: 45.1% Male: 47.2% | Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysing time to hospitalisation Age: HR=1.00 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.02; p=0.902) Male: HR=1.10 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.55; p=0.599) |
| Intrator et al (1999)27 | Hospitalisation: 15% Follow-up: 6 months | – | Multinominal logistic regression Male: OR=1.49 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.04; p<0.05)† |
| Kang et al (2011)28 | Hospitalisation: 6.8% Number of hospitalisation: 1.2 (±0.5) Follow-up: 90 days | – | Multilevel analysis Age at admission: OR=0.99 (95% CI 0.98 to 0.99; p=0.001) Male: OR=1.37 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.63; p=0.001) |
| Li et al (2016)33 | Hospitalisation: 35% Follow-up: 1 year | – | Logistic risk adjustment model Age: OR=1.00 (p=0.478) Male: OR=1.23† (p<0.001) |
| Mor et al (1997)29 | 1018 hospitalisations among 4196 residents 1990: 21.0%; 1993: 16.0% Follow-up: 6 months | – | Polytomous logistic regression Age: OR=1.03 (95% CI: 0.60 to 1.76; p>0.05) Male: OR=1.54 (95% CI: 1.12 to 2.04; p<0.001)† |
| O'Malley et al (2011)30 | 408 534 hospitalisations among 687 956 residents (217 697 were first-time hospitalisations) Hospitalisation: 31.6% (n=217 697) Follow-up: 6 years | – | Accelerated failure time models Time to first hospitalisation: Male: HR=0.81 (p<0.001) Time between hospitalisations: Male: HR=0.82 (p<0.001) |
| Ramroth et al (2005)19 | 2148 hospitalisations within 2049 person years at risk 1.1 hospitalisations per person year Followed for a mean of 388 days | Hospitalisation rate per person-year at risk <70 years: 1.2 70–79 years: 1.2 80–89 years: 1.1 90+ years: 1.0 Female: 1.0 Male: 1.5 | – |
| Ronald et al (2008)8 | 6826 hospitalisations among 18 467 residents Follow-up: 3 years | Average annual number of hospitalisations/1000 residents Female 65–69 years: 405.8 70–74 years: 403.6 75–79 years: 366.3 80–84 years: 364.3 85–89 years: 348.8 90+ years: 270.9 Male 65–69 years: 428.1 70–74 years: 465.7 75–79 years: 467.1 80–84 years: 471.1 85–89 years: 449.2 90+ years: 387.7 | – |
| Shapiro et al (1987)34 | Hospitalisation in new admissions after 1 year: 32.1% (n=105)† Hospitalisation in LT residents after 1 year: 17.2% (n=76)† Follow-up: 1 and 2 years | Proportion of residents admitted to hospital after 1 year† New admissions: 65–74 years: 32.1% 75–84 years: 30.8% 85+ years: 33.9% LT residents: 65–74 years: 17.6% 75–84 years: 22.4% 85+ years: 14.3% | – |
| Suetens et al (2006)36 | 1904 hospital admissions in 1083 patients 35 hospital admissions per 100 person-years of follow-up | – | Multiple Poisson regression <70 years: Reference 70–79 years: IRR=0.76 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.91; p=0.003) 80+ years: IRR=0.71 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.85; p<0.001) Male: IRR=1.22 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.35; p<0.001) |
| Tang et al (2010)37 | Hospitalisation: 24.8% (n=451) in the last 90 days Number of hospitalisation (mean): 1.4 (±0.74) | – | Multiple logistic regression model Male: OR=1.49 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.00; p=0.008) |
| Tanuseputro et al (2015)35 | Hospitalisation: 25.7% Follow-up: 1 year After 12 months: 422.1 per 1000 person years‡ | – | Multivariable model for 12 months after admission‡ 18–49 years: Reference 50–59 years: HR=1.10 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.36) 60–69 years: HR=1.14 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.38) 70–79 years: HR=1.16 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.39) 80–89 years: HR=1.13 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.36) 90+ years: HR=1.07 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.29) Male: 1.25 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.30)† |
*p values and CIs whenever reported.
†Calculated from data given in the publication.
‡Data also reported at 3 and 6 months postadmission.
IRR, incident rate ratio; LT, long term.