Cardiovascular system | Gastrointestinal system | CNS | CNS pain | Musculoskeletal system | Dietary Supplements | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) |
Demographic | ||||||
Age | 1.054*** (1.052 to 1.056) | 1.031*** (1.028 to 1.035) | 1.013*** (1.009 to 1.016) | 1.017*** (1.014 to 1.020) | 1.056*** (1.049 to 1.062) | 1.024*** (1.018 to 1.030) |
Male | 1.298*** (1.233 to 1.365) | 0.897** (0.830 to 0.970) | 0.694*** (0.632 to 0.763) | 0.872*** (0.812 to 0.936) | 0.440*** (0.381 to 0.509) | 0.704*** (0.599 to 0.827) |
Caucasian | 0.723** (0.583 to 0.895) | 0.523*** (0.369 to 0.742) | 0.770 (0.570 to 1.041) | 0.713* (0.546 to 0.931) | 0.768 (0.445 to 1.325) | 0.869 (0.507 to 1.489) |
Social | ||||||
Education | ||||||
None | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
Secondary | 0.955 (0.899 to 1.015) | 0.974 (0.886 to 1.070) | 0.959 (0.856 to 1.075) | 1.099* (1.009 to 1.196) | 0.915 (0.775 to 1.080) | 0.954 (0.786 to 1.159) |
Postsecondary | 0.936 (0.846 to 1.036) | 0.987 (0.851 to 1.145) | 0.943 (0.798 to 1.115) | 1.173* (1.032 to 1.333) | 0.927 (0.711 to 1.209) | 1.084 (0.814 to 1.443) |
Degree or higher | 0.856*** (0.800 to 0.917) | 0.966 (0.867 to 1.077) | 0.893 (0.782 to 1.020) | 0.985 (0.888 to 1.093) | 1.008 (0.837 to 1.213) | 0.847 (0.677 to 1.061) |
Health-related | ||||||
Body mass index | 1.032*** (1.027 to 1.037) | 1.012** (1.005 to 1.019) | 1.004 (0.996 to 1.012) | 1.019*** (1.013 to 1.025) | 0.962*** (0.949 to 0.975) | 0.980** (0.965 to 0.994) |
Units of alcohol | 0.999 (0.997 to 1.002) | 0.998 (0.994 to 1.002) | 0.987*** (0.982 to 0.991) | 0.991*** (0.988 to 0.995) | 0.982*** (0.973 to 0.990) | 0.985** (0.977 to 0.994) |
Smoker | 1.167*** (1.079 to 1.261) | 0.934 (0.832 to 1.049) | 1.200** (1.066 to 1.350) | 1.303*** (1.187 to 1.430) | 1.113 (0.907 to 1.365) | 1.320* (1.067 to 1.633) |
Walking (per week) | ||||||
None | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
<1 hour | 1.153** (1.045 to 1.273) | 0.972 (0.849 to 1.114) | 0.734*** (0.629 to 0.856) | 0.897 (0.799 to 1.008) | 1.049 (0.814 to 1.352) | 0.821 (0.616 to 1.093) |
1–3 hours | 1.176** (1.072 to 1.289) | 0.931 (0.820 to 1.058) | 0.639*** (0.552 to 0.738) | 0.777*** (0.696 to 0.868) | 0.871 (0.686 to 1.106) | 0.761* (0.583 to 0.994) |
3+ hours | 1.162** (1.059 to 1.274) | 0.867* (0.762 to 0.987) | 0.556*** (0.480 to 0.644) | 0.756*** (0.676 to 0.845) | 0.836 (0.658 to 1.062) | 0.671** (0.513 to 0.877) |
Physical exercise (per week) | ||||||
None | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
<1 hour | 0.955 (0.869 to 1.050) | 0.884 (0.765 to 1.022) | 0.834* (0.707 to 0.983) | 0.972 (0.857 to 1.102) | 0.935 (0.730 to 1.197) | 1.000 (0.761 to 1.315) |
1–3 hours | 0.919 (0.854 to 0.989) | 0.880* (0.787 to 0.985) | 0.764*** (0.669 to 0.872) | 0.859** (0.774 to 0.953) | 1.032 (0.860 to 1.237) | 0.892 (0.715 to 1.113) |
3+ hours | 0.927 (0.858 to 1.002) | 0.787*** (0.692 to 0.896) | 0.633*** (0.538 to 0.744) | 0.720*** (0.634 to 0.817) | 0.873 (0.703 to 1.083) | 0.881 (0.686 to 1.130) |
Chronic health | ||||||
Fatigue | 1.017 (0.953 to 1.085) | 1.503*** (1.369 to 1.649) | 1.213** (1.084 to 1.357) | 1.099* (1.012 to 1.193) | 1.646*** (1.393 to 1.943) | 2.273*** (1.877 to 2.752) |
Pain | 1.047 (0.986 to 1.112) | 1.833*** (1.678 to 2.003) | 1.534*** (1.378 to 1.708) | 5.088*** (4.695 to 5.514) | 1.952*** (1.671 to 2.280) | 1.232* (1.021 to 1.487) |
Insomnia | 0.954 (0.873 to 1.042) | 1.017 (0.907 to 1.141) | 0.926 (0.812 to 1.056) | 1.060 (0.961 to 1.170) | 1.069 (0.868 to 1.317) | 0.949 (0.739 to 1.220) |
Anxiety | 1.109* (1.021 to 1.204) | 1.178** (1.056 to 1.314) | 2.138*** (1.912 to 2.390) | 0.936 (0.850 to 1.032) | 0.867 (0.704 to 1.066) | 1.169 (0.925 to 1.478) |
Depression | 1.048 (0.957 to 1.147) | 1.215** (1.081 to 1.366) | 4.210*** (3.770 to 4.700) | 1.312*** (1.186 to 1.451) | 1.170 (0.933 to 1.467) | 1.237 (0.964 to 1.587) |
Diabetes | 1.675*** (1.563 to 1.795) | 0.895 (0.791 to 1.013) | 0.965 (0.823 to 1.132) | 0.878* (0.783 to 0.985) | 0.955 (0.754 to 1.208) | 1.613*** (1.258 to 2.068) |
Breathing problems | 0.983 (0.917 to 1.054) | 1.237*** (1.123 to 1.362) | 0.929 (0.821 to 1.052) | 1.029 (0.941 to 1.124) | 1.314** (1.103 to 1.566) | 1.186 (0.962 to 1.461) |
High blood pressure | 4.205*** (3.995 to 4.425) | 1.076 (0.989 to 1.172) | 0.970 (0.868 to 1.085) | 1.013 (0.937 to 1.096) | 0.876 (0.750 to 1.022) | 1.154 (0.962 to 1.384) |
Heart disease | 3.330*** (3.115 to 3.560) | 1.377*** (1.236 to 1.535) | 1.099 (0.940 to 1.284) | 1.087 (0.977 to 1.210) | 1.105 (0.893 to 1.367 | 1.232 (0.957 to 1.588) |
Osteoarthritis | 0.973 (0.909 to 1.042) | 1.216*** (1.105 to 1.339) | 0.978 (0.858 to 1.114) | 1.720*** (1.587 to 1.866) | 1.653*** (1.402 to 1.949) | 1.099 (0.883 to 1.368) |
Stroke | 1.631*** (1.463 to 1.818) | 1.097 (0.921 to 1.308) | 1.238 (0.994 to 1.543) | 1.002 (0.846 to 1.186) | 1.012 (0.722 to 1.418) | 0.912 (0.603 to 1.380) |
Cancer | 0.964 (0.862 to 1.078) | 1.386*** (1.194 to 1.609) | 0.959 (0.766 to 1.120) | 1.127 (0.969 to 1.311) | 1.290 (0.977 to 1.702) | 1.325 (0.943 to 1.860) |
Constant | 0.005*** (0.003 to 0.006) | 0.018*** (0.013 to 0.026) | 0.085*** (0.058 to 0.125) | 0.033*** (0.024 to 0.044) | 0.010*** (0.005 to 0.018) | 0.028*** (0.014 to 0.055) |
ln α | −0.906 | −1.327 | −0.628 | −1.175 | 0.909 | 1.344 |
α | 0.404 | 0.265 | 0.534 | 0.309 | 2.481 | 3.836 |
Pseudo r2 | 0.284 | 0.142 | 0.176 | 0.208 | 0.144 | 0.082 |
GP surgery was also adjusted for, including each surgery in the model as binary variables but not included in the table.
Significance levels: *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001.
CNS, central nervous system; IRR, incident rate ratio.