Demographic characteristics of middle-aged and elderly Chinese by habitual sleep duration (CHARLS 2011–2012)
| Sleep duration category (hours/night) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | <6 | 6–7 (≥6 and <7) | 7–8 (≥7 and <8) | 8–9 (≥8 and <9) | ≥9 | p Value |
| Total | 2693 | 1903 | 1762 | 1981 | 747 | |
| Sleep duration, mean (SD) | 4.05 (1.06) | 6.01 (0.05) | 7.01 (0.06) | 8.00 (0.03) | 9.61 (0.75) | <0.001 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 61.62 (10.02) | 58.65 (9.21) | 57.56 (9.11) | 58.94 (9.62) | 59.80 (10.95) | 0.911 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 1157 (43.53) | 931 (48.97) | 814 (49.21) | 1001 (55.20) | 344 (47.04) | 0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | ||||||
| Never | 1680 (62.24) | 1134 (59.49) | 1041 (58.36) | 1156 (56.25) | 466 (61.76) | 0.288 |
| Ever | 782 (27.84) | 590 (29.02) | 568 (32.35) | 643 (34.92) | 215 (29.87) | |
| Current | 231 (9.92) | 179 (11.48) | 153 (9.30) | 182 (8.83) | 66 (8.37) | |
| Drinking, n (%) | ||||||
| Never | 1879 (69.51) | 1243 (64.94) | 1138 (64.03) | 1301 (60.19) | 515 (68.20) | 0.009 |
| <1 drink/month | 183 (7.38) | 182 (9.06) | 150 (9.72) | 144 (6.74) | 54 (9.46) | |
| ≥1 drink/month | 631 (23.11) | 478 (26.00) | 474 (26.25) | 536 (33.06) | 178 (22.34) | |
| Medical insurance, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 2523 (93.73) | 1802 (93.99) | 1663 (94.01) | 1874 (94.24) | 701 (93.55) | 0.978 |
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | ||||||
| Normal | 1471 (53.04) | 956 (49.78) | 881 (48.80) | 1025 (51.07) | 417 (57.02) | 0.002 |
| Underweight | 243 (8.68) | 109 (5.22) | 89 (5.31) | 113 (5.62) | 55 (7.56) | |
| Overweight | 710 (27.54) | 599 (34.76) | 554 (31.90) | 597 (31.07) | 207 (27.48) | |
| Obese | 269 (10.73) | 239 (10.25) | 238 (13.99) | 246 (12.24) | 68 (7.94) | |
| Region, n (%) | ||||||
| Rural | 1824 (60.12) | 1149 (48.19) | 1103 (53.62) | 1266 (52.42) | 538 (66.94) | <0.001 |
| Urban | 869 (39.88) | 754 (51.81) | 659 (46.38) | 715 (47.58) | 209 (33.06) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||||
| Single | 438 (18.33) | 182 (10.47) | 160 (10.87) | 189 (9.99) | 120 (16.97) | <0.001 |
| Married or cohabiting | 2255 (81.67) | 1721 (89.53) | 1602 (89.13) | 1792 (90.01) | 627 (83.03) | |
| Education, n (%) | ||||||
| Illiterate | 931 (31.54) | 462 (20.88) | 401 (19.98) | 518 (21.52) | 264 (33.62) | <0.001 |
| Primary | 1164 (43.41) | 749 (35.77) | 711 (38.80) | 831 (40.48) | 319 (42.12) | |
| Junior/secondary vocational school | 572 (23.77) | 655 (39.13) | 618 (38.45) | 604 (36.36) | 159 (22.77) | |
| College and higher | 26 (1.28) | 37 (4.22) | 32 (2.77) | 28 (1.63) | 5 (1.49) | |
| Regular siesta, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 1232 (46.86) | 1068 (52.99) | 998 (55.62) | 1137 (54.55) | 419 (54.46) | 0.022 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 413 (15.16) | 286 (14.19) | 280 (15.20) | 295 (14.95) | 116 (15.01) | 0.960 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 1913 (72.17) | 1343 (73.37) | 1235 (69.81) | 1385 (71.89) | 516 (68.41) | 0.340 |
| High C-reactive protein, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 507 (19.54) | 335 (17.78) | 307 (18.71) | 316 (17.37) | 148 (18.92) | 0.807 |
BMI, body mass index; CHARLS, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.