% (95% CI) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N exposed/N available | All age groups | 18–29 years | 30–39 years | 40–49 years | 50–59 years | 60–64 years | |
Both sexes (n=2496) | |||||||
Metabolic syndrome (≥3 risk factors)* | 430/1373 | 27.7% (24.5% to 30.9%) | 9.3% (6.0% to 12.7%) | 26.0% (19.8% to 32.3%) | 37.9% (32.2% to 43.6%) | 54.0% (45.2% to 62.7%) | 70.2% (54.1% to 86.3%) |
Raised fasting blood glucose† | 374/1470 | 22.5% (19.0% to 26.0%) | 12.3% (7.9% to 16.8%) | 15.7% (9.6% to 21.9%) | 31.0% (24.7% to 37.4%) | 44.7% (35.8% to 53.7%) | 55.0% (40.3% to 69.7%) |
Raised BP‡ | 1107/2432 | 42.7% (40.0% to 45.4%) | 28.2% (23.7% to 32.6%) | 36.2% (31.6% to 40.9%) | 54.9% (50.2% to 59.6%) | 73.9% (68.0% to 79.8%) | 87.5% (78.4% to 96.7%) |
Raised triglycerides§ | 270/1518 | 16.4% (13.7% to 19.0%) | 9.0% (5.7% to 12.3%) | 18.1% (12.7% to 23.5%) | 20.6% (15.9% to 25.2%) | 26.5% (18.0% to 35.0%) | 24.2% (12.7% to 35.8%) |
Reduced HDL cholesterol¶ | 676/1526 | 45.5% (41.3% to 49.8%) | 38.4% (31.7% to 45.1%) | 48.1% (40.8% to 55.3%) | 49.1% (42.4% to 55.7%) | 51.7% (43.7% to 59.7%) | 62.3% (47.6% to 77.0%) |
Abdominal obesity** | 1302/2356 | 50.6% (47.7% to 53.6%) | 33.0% (28.1% to 37.9%) | 54.2% (49.0% to 59.5%) | 64.4% (59.7% to 69.2%) | 68.9% (62.7% to 75.1%) | 75.6% (64.0% to 87.3%) |
Men (n=1053) | |||||||
Metabolic syndrome (≥3 risk factors)* | 179/538 | 28.7% (23.6% to 33.7%) | 9.5% (4.4% to 14.6%) | 26.4% (17.8% to 34.9%) | 38.5% (30.2% to 46.9%) | 62.3% (50.0% to 74.5%) | 66.6% (42.0% to 91.2%) |
Raised fasting blood glucose† | 152/552 | 23.1% (17.6% to 28.6%) | 11.4% (6.0% to 16.9%) | 13.6% (5.2% to 21.9%) | 34.6% (24.3% to 44.9%) | 50.8% (36.7% to 64.9%) | 55.5% (32.3% to 78.6%) |
Raised BP‡ | 470/1022 | 42.1% (38.5% to 45.6%) | 25.8% (20.0% to 31.7%) | 35.1% (28.3% to 41.9%) | 54.5% (47.5% to 61.5%) | 80.1% (73.2% to 86.9%) | 86.9% (74.8% to 99.0%) |
Raised triglycerides§ | 110/573 | 17.2% (13.0% to 21.3%) | 6.5% (1.5% to 11.4%) | 21.2% (12.7% to 29.7%) | 20.4% (13.6% to 27.3%) | 33.3% (19.2% to 47.3%) | 25.4% (9.4% to 41.5%) |
Reduced HDL cholesterol¶ | 290/575 | 51.9% (45.2% to 58.6%) | 45.8% (34.9% to 56.7%) | 53.8% (41.1% to 66.5%) | 54.6% (45.8% to 63.5%) | 56.7% (45.9% to 67.4%) | 65.0% (43.6% to 86.3%) |
Abdominal obesity** | 541/1031 | 50.7% (46.0% to 55.5%) | 38.6% (31.2% to 46.0%) | 54.9% (46.7% to 63.1%) | 58.7% (50.9% to 66.5%) | 64.2% (55.1% to 73.3%) | 68.1% (50.1% to 86.0%) |
Women (n=1443) | |||||||
Metabolic syndrome (≥3 risk factors)* | 251/835 | 26.8% (23.1% to 30.4%) | 9.1% (4.2% to 14.0%) | 25.6% (17.7% to 33.5%) | 37.3% (28.6% to 46.0%) | 46.7% (37.2% to 56.2%) | 75.8% (59.0% to 92.6%) |
Raised fasting blood glucose† | 222/918 | 21.9% (17.7% to 26.1%) | 13.1% (7.1% to 19.2%) | 18.2% (10.6% to 25.8%) | 27.9% (20.3% to 35.6%) | 39.5% (26.9% to 52.0%) | 54.2% (34.5% to 74.0%) |
Raised BP‡ | 637/1410 | 43.3% (38.9% to 47.6%) | 30.3% (23.5% to 37.2%) | 37.4% (30.3% to 44.4%) | 55.2% (48.3% to 62.0%) | 67.9% (60.5% to 75.3%) | 88.3% (79.3% to 97.4%) |
Raised triglycerides§ | 160/945 | 15.6% (12.6% to 18.6%) | 11.2% (6.2% to 16.2%) | 14.6% (8.8% to 20.4%) | 20.7% (14.8% to 26.5%) | 20.8% (13.2% to 28.3%) | 22.3% (6.3% to 38.2%) |
Reduced HDL cholesterol¶ | 386/951 | 39.4% (34.6% to 44.2%) | 31.7% (24.4% to 39.0%) | 41.5% (33.4% to 49.6%) | 44.1% (35.3% to 52.9%) | 47.4% (36.9% to 58.0%) | 58.0% (37.7% to 78.3%) |
Abdominal obesity** | 761/1325 | 50.5% (47.1% to 53.9%) | 26.9% (20.9% to 33.0%) | 53.5% (46.9% to 60.0%) | 69.2% (63.6% to 74.8%) | 73.6% (65.5% to 81.6%) | 85.1% (73.7% to 96.5%) |
*Metabolic syndrome status could only be determined for 1373 participants (538 men, 835 women) having complete data for the five components.
†Raised fasting blood glucose (≥100 mg/dL or previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes).
‡Raised BP (systolic BP≥130 or diastolic BP≥85 mm Hg or treatment of previously diagnosed hypertension).
§Raised triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL or specific treatment for this lipid abnormality).
¶Reduced HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL in men; <50 mg/dL in women or specific treatment for this lipid abnormality).
**Abdominal obesity (waist ≥102 cm in men or ≥94 cm in women or BMI≥30 kg/m2).
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.