Summary statistics: validation sample
| Mean | SD | Minimum | Maximum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beneficiary characteristics | ||||
| Age (in 2011)* | 67.75 | 14.51 | −1 | 98 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 82.4% | |||
| Black | 12.1% | |||
| Other | 5.6% | |||
| Female | 57.3% | |||
| Medicaid† | 27.9% | |||
| HCC community score | 2.51 | 1.66 | 0.12 | 18.28 |
| Died during study period | 18.7% | |||
| ED visits in sample | 2.96 | 4.03 | 1 | 351 |
| Months in sample | 21.86 | 5.21 | 1 | 24 |
| Visit-level outcome frequencies | ||||
| Death within 7 days of visit | 1.9% | |||
| Death within 1 month of visit | 4.6% | |||
| Hospitalisation within 1 day of visit | 32.5% | |||
| Hospitalisation within 1 week of visit | 36.3% | |||
| Total ED visits | 2 448 112 | |||
| Total beneficiaries | 827 844 | |||
*Three beneficiaries born in 2012 have an age of −1 in 2011.
†Operationalised as any months of state coverage buy-in from denominator file.
ED, emergency department; HCC, hierarchical condition category.