The association between variables and MACEs measured by the Cox regression model
| Crude | Adjusted† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Number of MACEs (n=2776) | HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value |
| Hyperglycaemic crisis | |||||
| No | 2100 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Yes | 676 | 1.65 (1.51 to 1.80) | <0.0001*** | 1.76 (1.62 to 1.92) | <0.0001*** |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 1241 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Male | 1535 | 1.06 (0.98 to 1.14) | 0.1601 | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.19) | 0.0132* |
| Age | |||||
| 18–39 | 78 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| 40–64 | 1205 | 3.79 (3.01 to 4.76) | <0.0001*** | 3.22 (2.55 to 4.07) | <0.0001*** |
| ≥65 | 1493 | 9.81 (7.81 to 12.33) | <0.0001*** | 6.92 (5.45 to 8.78) | <0.0001*** |
| Insurance premium (New Taiwan dollars) | |||||
| <20 000 | 2318 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| 20 000–39 999 | 319 | 0.69 (0.61 to 0.78) | <0.0001*** | 0.90 (0.8 to 1.02) | 0.0985 |
| 40 000–59 999 | 117 | 0.64 (0.53 to 0.78) | <0.0001*** | 0.80 (0.66 to 0.97) | 0.0213* |
| ≥60 000 | 22 | 0.65 (0.43 to 0.99) | 0.0455* | 0.77 (0.5 to 1.18) | 0.2309 |
| Urbanisation level | |||||
| 1 (highest) | 662 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| 2 | 777 | 1.04 (0.94 to 1.15) | 0.4847 | 1.05 (0.94 to 1.17) | 0.4163 |
| 3 | 438 | 1.02 (0.9 to 1.15) | 0.7954 | 1.00 (0.87 to 1.14) | 0.9494 |
| 4 | 448 | 1.16 (1.03 to 1.31) | 0.0145* | 1.06 (0.91 to 1.22) | 0.4755 |
| 5 (lowest) | 451 | 1.43 (1.27 to 1.61) | <0.0001*** | 1.22 (1.04 to 1.43) | 0.0157* |
| Types of occupation | |||||
| Government, school employees | 211 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| Private enterprise employees | 711 | 0.91 (0.78 to 1.06) | 0.2421 | 1.13 (0.97 to 1.33) | 0.1144 |
| Occupational member | 459 | 0.90 (0.76 to 1.05) | 0.1864 | 1.04 (0.88 to 1.23) | 0.6411 |
| Farmers, fishermen | 818 | 1.47 (1.26 to 1.71) | <0.0001*** | 1.10 (0.93 to 1.3) | 0.2775 |
| Low-income households | 577 | 1.36 (1.16 to 1.60) | <0.0001*** | 1.12 (0.95 to 1.32) | 0.1685 |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Hypertension | 2196 | 2.46 (2.24 to 2.69) | <0.0001*** | 1.52 (1.38 to 1.68) | <0.0001*** |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 1696 | 1.29 (1.19 to 1.39) | <0.0001*** | 1.03 (0.95 to 1.12) | 0.4638 |
| CKD | 752 | 1.52 (1.39 to 1.65) | <0.0001*** | 1.24 (1.13 to 1.35) | <0.0001*** |
| COPD | 954 | 1.46 (1.35 to 1.58) | <0.0001*** | 1.08 (0.99 to 1.17) | 0.0782 |
| Gout | 728 | 1.21 (1.11 to 1.32) | <0.0001*** | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.06) | 0.5553 |
| PAOD | 370 | 1.66 (1.49 to 1.86) | <0.0001*** | 1.16 (1.04 to 1.3) | 0.0092** |
| Medication | |||||
| Anticoagulants | 47 | 2.15 (1.61 to 2.86) | <0.0001*** | 1.46 (1.09 to 1.95) | 0.0115* |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 1223 | 1.61 (1.5 to 1.74) | <0.0001*** | 1.19 (1.1 to 1.29) | <0.0001*** |
| Statins | 209 | 1.35 (1.17 to 1.55) | <0.0001*** | 1.03 (0.89 to 1.2) | 0.6738 |
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.
†Adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, comorbidity and medication.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; PAOD, peripheral arterial occlusive disease.