Results of multilevel metaregression for quantity outcomes
| Outcomes | Group name | All quantity outcomes | Quantity of alcohol per unit time | Quantity of alcohol per drinking occasion | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES (95% CI) | k (n) | I2 (%) | p Value | ES (95% CI) | k (n) | I2 (%) | p Value | ES (95% CI) | k (n) | I2 (%) | p Value | ||
| Overall | Mean effect | −0.15 (−0.20 to −0.10) | 50 (268) | 37 | −0.17 (−0.22 to −0.12) | 47 (144) | 38 | −0.10 (−0.18 to −0.01) | 15 (59) | 36 | |||
| Overall, time-adjusted | Mean effect | −0.15 (−0.20 to −0.11) | 50 (268) | 36 | 0.03 | −0.17 (−0.22 to −0.12) | 47 (144) | 38 | 0.21 | −0.11 (−0.19 to −0.03) | 15 (59) | 34 | 0.09 |
| Time (month) | 0.003 (0.0003 to 0.006) | 0.002 (−0.001 to 0.006) | 0.005 (−0.001 to 0.01) | ||||||||||
| Setting of intervention | A&E | −0.10 (−0.19 to −0.002) | 10 (44) | 34 | 0.12 | −0.12 (−0.22 to −0.01) | 9 (26) | 37 | 0.17 | −0.001 (−0.14 to 0.13) | 4 (8) | 28 | 0.17 |
| Ambulatory or primary care | −0.20 (−0.27 to −0.13) | 19 (84) | −0.22 (−0.29 to −0.14) | 19 (51) | −0.14 (−0.25 to −0.03) | 7 (18) | |||||||
| Hospital inpatient services | −0.14 (−0.29 to 0.01) | 5 (13) | −0.15 (−0.31 to 0.006) | 5 (12) | NA | NA | |||||||
| Non-health settings | −0.03 (−0.16 to 0.10) | 6 (15) | −0.04 (−0.18 to 0.11) | 5 (11) | −0.01 (−0.30 to 0.29) | 1 (4) | |||||||
| University | −0.20 (−0.39 to −0.09) | 10 (112) | −0.21 (−0.23 to −0.09) | 9 (44) | −0.22 (−0.39 to −0.06) | 3 (29) | |||||||
| Provider | Counsellor/mental health clinician | −0.11 (−0.17 to −0.05) | 24 (163) | 34 | 0.09 | −0.10 (−0.17 to −0.04) | 22 (79) | 32 | 0.01 | −0.11 (−0.23 to 0.01) | 8 (41) | 43 | 0.67 |
| Different providers | −0.12 (−0.27 to 0.03) | 4 (10) | −0.12 (−0.25 to 0.02) | 4 (10) | NA | ||||||||
| Physician | −0.12 (−0.20 to −0.04) | 17 (65) | −0.14 (−0.22 to −0.06) | 17 (40) | 0.02 (−0.16 to 0.21) | 6 (10) | |||||||
| Nurse | −0.23 (−0.33 to −0.13) | 13 (41) | −0.28 (−0.38 to −0.18) | 12 (29) | −0.18 (−0.37 to −0.003) | 5 (9) | |||||||
| Peer intervention | −0.08 (−0.29 to 0.13) | 2 (10) | −0.05 (−0.28 to 0.17) | 2 (3) | −0.004 (−0.28 to 0.27) | 2 (3) | |||||||
| Content | Brief advice | −0.20 (−0.31 to −0.09) | 12 (26) | 39 | 0.54 | −0.22 (−0.34 to −0.11) | 11 (18) | 59 | 0.31 | −0.16 (−0.37 to 0.05) | 3 (6) | 43 | 0.89 |
| Motivational interviewing | −0.13 (−0.19 to −0.07) | 24 (132) | −0.13 (−0.20 to −0.07) | 24 (73) | −0.11 (−0.22 to 0.004) | 9 (28) | |||||||
| Motivational interviewing plus | −0.16 (−0.23 to −0.09) | 20 (110) | −0.19 (−0.27 to −0.11) | 17 (53) | −0.10 (−0.24 to 0.03) | 6 (25) | |||||||
k=number of studies, n=number of ES, p is the value from a multiparameter Wald test of coefficients. Models for setting, provider and content include mean-centred time as a covariate, but not in the multiparameter Wald.
A&E, accident and emergency; ES, effect size; NA, not available.