Outcomes at baseline
| Intervention group (10 practices, 50 patients) | Control group (10 practices, 50 patients) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ni | Mi (SD) | nc | Mc (SD) | ICC/ICCadj | |
| MAI | 50 | 5.0 (4.69) | 50 | 4.8 (5.40) | 0.085/0.099 |
| EQ-5D, index | 45 | 0.80 (0.19) | 48 | 0.80 (0.18) | 0.000/0.006 |
| VRS | 43 | 4.8 (2.37) | 47 | 4.4 (2.67) | 0.021/0.029 |
| GDS | 49 | 2.2 (2.12) | 49 | 1.7 (1.89) | 0.029/0.025 |
| Number of drugs | 50 | 9.5 (2.67) | 50 | 8.7 (2.66) | 0.186/0.180 |
| Number of single doses | 50 | 9.5 (3.19) | 50 | 9.4 (3.83) | 0.177 0.192 |
| MRCI | 50 | 13.8 (7.21) | 50 | 13.7 (5.98) | 0.048/0.060 |
| Number of ADR symptoms | 49 | 1.9 (1.62) | 50 | 1.8 (1.44) | 0.031/0.040 |
| Observed adherence* | |||||
| Drug score (%)† | 48 | 20 (41.7) | 49 | 23 (46.9) | 0.003/0.001 |
| Dose score (%)† | 46 | 45 (97.8) | 48 | 48 (100) | −/−‡ |
| Regimen score (%)† | 45 | 45 (100) | 48 | 48 (100) | −/−‡ |
| Reported adherence | |||||
| MARS | 46 | 23.9 (1.68) | 47 | 24 (1.16) | 0.0004/0.008 |
| Morisky | 49 | 0.3 (0.69) | 50 | 0.2 (0.48) | 0.000/0.000 |
| BMQ | |||||
| Specific necessities | 45 | 22.4 (3.26) | 48 | 22.5 (2.57) | 0.000/0.000 |
| Specific concerns | 44 | 14 (5.52) | 47 | 13 (4.91) | 0.000/0.000 |
| General overuse | 44 | 10.3 (4.77) | 47 | 10.4 (3.88) | 0.000/0.006 |
| General harms | 47 | 7.8 (3.40) | 48 | 7.6 (3.30) | 0.000/0.000 |
Numbers of patients (n), mean (M), SD and intracluster correlation coefficients (ICCs) are provided, the latter as crude values and adjusted for groups.
*Discrepancy between medication actually taken (reported at patient's interviews) and medication prescribed (reported by GP).
†Number and percentage of deviating patients.
‡No ICC could be estimated, as (almost) all patients were scored as deviating.
ADR, adverse drug reaction; BMQ, Beliefs in Medicine Questionnaire; CIRS, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; MAI, Medication Appropriateness Index; MARS, Medication Adherence Rating Scale; MRCI, Medication Regimen Complexity Index; VRS, Visual Rating Scale (pain assessment).