Baseline characteristics of PSA tested and untested patients
| Baseline characteristics | All (n=150 481) | PSA untested (n=124 054) | PSA tested (n=26 427) | p Value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prostate cancer risk factors | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 53.6 (11.4) | 52.1 (10.7) | 60.8 (11.9) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity, % (N) | ||||
| White | 40.9 (61 621) | 41.0 (50 897) | 40.6 (10 724) | <0.001 |
| Black | 17.2 (25 956) | 16.0 (19 835) | 23.2 (6121) | |
| South Asian† | 26.1 (39 341) | 26.5 (32 858) | 24.5 (6483) | |
| Chinese | 0.9 (1363) | 1.0 (1200) | 0.6 (163) | |
| Mixed black | 1.5 (2299) | 1.3 (1647) | 2.5 (652) | |
| Mixed Asian† | 0.2 (235) | 0.2 (195) | 0.2 (40) | |
| Other mixed | 0.4 (608) | 0.4 (535) | 0.3 (73) | |
| Other ethnicity | 3.9 (5909) | 3.9 (4857) | 4.0 (1052) | |
| Not specified | 8.7 (13 149) | 9.7 (12 030) | 4.2 (1119) | |
| BMI class‡, % (N) | ||||
| Normal weight | 31.6 (47 619) | 35.4 (40 140) | 29.1 (7479) | <0.001 |
| Underweight | 1.0 (1558) | 1.2 (1321) | 0.9 (237) | |
| Overweight | 39.1 (58 787) | 42.0 (47 614) | 43.5 (11 173) | |
| Obese class I | 15.3 (22 985) | 15.9 (17 993) | 19.4 (4992) | |
| Obese class II | 4.0 (6026) | 4.1 (4653) | 5.3 (1373) | |
| Obese class III | 1.4 (2044) | 1.4 (1586) | 1.8 (458) | |
| Non-risk factors | ||||
| Deprivation§, % (N) | ||||
| Least deprived | 21.8 (32 780) | 21.5 (26 646) | 23.2 (6134) | <0.001 |
| Q2 | 16.6 (25 022) | 16.6 (20 519) | 17.1 (4503) | |
| Q3 | 17.1 (25 802) | 17.2 (21 253) | 17.2 (4549) | |
| Q4 | 19.0 (28 637) | 19.1 (23 654) | 18.9 (4983) | |
| Most deprived | 25.2 (37 968) | 25.6 (31 748) | 23.6 (6220) | |
| Comorbidity, % (N) | ||||
| HTN | 25.5 (38 399) | 21.6 (26 814) | 43.8 (11 585) | <0.001 |
| CVD | 9.1 (13 635) | 7.4 (9220) | 16.7 (4415) | <0.001 |
| DM | 15.6 (23 421) | 13.8 (17 100) | 23.9 (6321) | <0.001 |
| CKD stages 3–5 | 4.1 (6098) | 3.2 (3918) | 8.2 (2180) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 2.4 (3583) | 2.0 (2458) | 4.3 (1125) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 8.5 (12 792) | 8.1 (10 012) | 10.5 (2780) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 3.5 (5206) | 2.9 (3550) | 6.3 (1656) | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 0.6 (920) | 0.5 (600) | 1.2 (320) | <0.001 |
| SMI | 2.5 (3699) | 2.5 (3094) | 2.3 (605) | 0.510 |
| Cancer¶ | 1.8 (2719) | 1.5 (1898) | 3.1 (821) | <0.001 |
| Covariates | ||||
| BPH, % (N) | 3.5 (5271) | 1.4 (1787) | 13.2 (3484) | <0.001 |
| Prostatitis, % (N) | 1.6 (2405) | 0.9 (1113) | 4.9 (1292) | <0.001 |
| Tamsulosin use, % (N) | 7.2 (10 825) | 3.2 (4021) | 25.7 (6804) | <0.001 |
| Finasteride use, % (N) | 2.4 (3610) | 1.1 (1419) | 8.3 (2191) | <0.001 |
Bold typeface indicates significance at p≤0.05.
*χ2 between tested and untested groups.
†Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi or other Asian.
‡11 462 BMI values missing.
§Townsend score quintiles (272 scores missing).
¶Excludes benign or malignant prostate cancer.
BPH, benign prostate hypertrophy; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; SMI, significant mental illness.