Inclusion and exclusion criteria by type of study participant
| Patient | |
|---|---|
| Inclusion criteria | 55 years of age or older |
| Obtains care in the primary care clinics at ZSFG Hospital | |
| Has been seen at least twice in the last year by a primary care provider (a measure of established primary care) and had at least 2 additional visits to ZSFG in the past year (a measure of frequent the medical centre) | |
| Exclusion criteria | Dementia by ICD-9/ICD-10 codes, clinician assessment, chart review or self-report |
| Blindness or poor vision by ICD-9/ICD-10 codes, clinician assessment, chart review, self-report of blindness or the inability to read print on a newspaper52 | |
| Deafness by ICD-9/ICD-10 codes, clinician assessment, self-report, chart review or research staff assessment | |
| Cognitive impairment as assessed by research staff of any deficits on the validated SPMSQ53 and the Mini-Cog32 54 | |
| Delirium or psychosis as assessed by a clinician or research staff | |
| Does not report speaking English or Spanish ‘well’ or ‘very well’ | |
| No phone for additional study contacts and follow-up interviews | |
| Active drug or alcohol abuse within the past 3 months determined by clinician assessment, self-report, chart review or research staff assessment | |
| Patients who report they will be out of town during their scheduled follow-up interview dates outside of a window of 3 months | |
| Patients who cannot answer consent teach-back questions after 3 attempts | |
| Surrogate | |
| Inclusion criteria | 18 years of age or older |
| An enrolled patient must identify the surrogate as someone who could make medical decisions for him or her if needed | |
| An enrolled patient must provide the surrogate's contact information and give permission to contact their potential surrogate | |
| Exclusion criteria | Self-reported dementia, blindness or deafness |
| Cognitive impairment as assessed by research staff of any deficits on the validated SPMSQ53 and the Mini-Cog32 54 | |
| Delirium or psychosis as assessed by research staff | |
| Does not report speaking English or Spanish ‘well’ or ‘very well’ | |
| No phone for screening and phone interviews | |
| Surrogates who report they will be out of town during their scheduled follow-up interview dates outside of a window of 3 months | |
| Surrogate for whom we cannot schedule an interview >6 months from the patient's final 6-month follow-up interview date | |
| Surrogates who we have attempted to contact 5 times or more without a response | |
| Surrogates who cannot answer consent teach-back questions after 3 attempts | |
ICD, International Classification of Diseases; SPMSQ, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire; ZSFG, Zuckerberg San Francisco General.