General characteristics† according to alcoholic beverage preference of 1653 participants from the NQplus study
| Alcoholic beverage preference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beer | Wine | Spirit/no preference | Non-consumer | |
| N (%) | 222 (13) | 703 (43) | 483 (29) | 245 (15) |
| Age, years | 50.2 (12.4) | 54.5 (10.9)* | 53.8 (11.8)* | 47.9 (12.6)**,*** |
| Men, n (%) | 194 (87) | 456 (65)* | 339 (70)*,** | 79 (32)*,*** |
| Ethanol, g/day | 11 (4–22) | 9 (4–17)* | 8 (4–19) | 0 (0–0)*,**,*** |
| Alcoholic beverage consumption, mL/day | ||||
| Beer | 214 (89–446) | 0 (0–21)* | 54 (10–161)*,** | 0 (0–0)*,*** |
| Wine | 0 (0–13) | 80 (35–145)* | 27 (10–78)*,** | 0 (0–0)**,*** |
| Spirits | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 4 (1–12)*,** | 0 (0–0)*** |
| Energy, kcal/day | 2290 (642) | 1933 (527)* | 2182 (620)** | 1911 (630)*,*** |
| Physical activity, min/week | 2086 (1186) | 1787 (1223)* | 1954 (1279) | 1926 (1365) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
| Never | 84 (44) | 291 (49) | 203 (50) | 138 (67)*,**,*** |
| Former | 84 (44) | 262 (44) | 169 (41) | 51 (25)*,**,*** |
| Current | 24 (13) | 44 (7) | 38 (9) | 16 (8) |
| Employed, n (%) | 158 (72) | 455 (69) | 325 (69) | 169 (73) |
| Education, n (%) | ||||
| Low | 27 (12) | 40 (6)* | 30 (6)* | 23 (9) |
| Middle | 99 (45) | 275 (39) | 194 (41) | 113 (46) |
| High | 96 (43) | 384 (55)* | 255 (53) | 108 (44)** |
| Prevalent diseases, n (%) | ||||
| Cancer | 7 (3) | 44 (6) | 29 (6) | 10 (4) |
| Major CVD | 7 (3) | 22 (3) | 12 (3) | 6 (2) |
| Diabetes | 6 (3) | 19 (3) | 21 (4) | 12 (5) |
| Hypertension | 37 (17) | 170 (24) | 131 (27)* | 65 (27) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 39 (18) | 134 (19) | 98 (20) | 36 (15) |
| Medication use, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 17 (8) | 97 (14) | 78 (16)* | 33 (14) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 18 (8) | 70 (10) | 98 (20) | 17 (7) |
| Diabetes | 5 (2) | 15 (2) | 18 (4) | 11 (5) |
*p<0.05 vs beer preference, **p<0.05 vs wine preference, and ***p<0.05 vs spirit or no preference from a t-test for differences of least squares means.
†General characteristics are shown as mean (SD), median (IQR), or n (%), based on complete cases.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; NQplus, The Nutrition Questionnaires plus.