Clinical outcomes for each treatment arm
| Ibuprofen (n=2) | Placebo (n=5) | Difference in means (Ibuprofen vs placebo) (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Opioid consumption over 4 days (mg)—mean (SD) | 110 (45) | 206 (104) | −96 (−301 to 109) |
| Pain score over 4 days*—mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.7) | 3.2 (1.4) | −1.7 (−4.4 to 1.1) |
| Number of self-reported side effects per patient† (mild, moderate, or severe)—mean (SD) | 7.5 (0.7) | 10.2 (2.2) | −2.7 (−6.9 to 1.5) |
| Number of self-reported side effects per patient† (severe)—mean (SD) | 3.0 (1.4) | 3.2 (3.1) | −0.2 (−6.3 to 5.9) |
*Pain scores were measured using a 10-point scale (0–10) with higher scores indicating more pain.
†Self-reported side effects included nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, stomach pain/discomfort, blood in stool, mood/emotional changes, sleep disturbances, dizziness, headache, itching, dry mouth, sore chest, and breathing difficulties, and each symptom was graded as none, mild, moderate, or severe.