Outcomes: GP episodes (CPRD), hospitalisations (HES) and deaths (ONS)
| Outcome | ICD-10 codes | GP (CPRD)* | Hospitalisation (HES)† | Deaths (ONS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory outcomes | ||||
| Respiratory disease | J00-99 | X‡ | X | X |
| Cardiorespiratory disease | I00-99, J00-99 | X | X | |
| Acute upper respiratory disease | J00, J02-06 | X | ||
| Pneumonia and influenza | J09-18 | X | X | X |
| Bronchitis/bronchiolitis | J20-22, J40 | X | X | X |
| Chronic respiratory disease | J41-47 | X | X | X |
| Drug prescriptions | ||||
| Antibiotics (broad-spectrum penicillins, macrolides, tetracyclines)§ | X | – | – | |
| Non-respiratory control outcomes | ||||
| Otitis media | H65-66, H70 | X | X | – |
| Accidents | V00-99, X00-99, Y00-99 | X | ||
| Urinary tract infection | N39 | X | X | X |
CPRD does not provide any ranking of diagnostic codes. HES database outcomes listed as the primary discharge diagnosis were studied. ONS database outcomes listed as any mention of the outcome as the cause of death were studied.
*Any CPRD GP episode, including office visits, home visits, telephone consults and other types, for participants with participants registered with research quality data in CPRD. CPRD diagnostic data are coded using READ codes. CPRD diagnostic and antibiotic codes are available on request.
†Only unscheduled, ‘emergency’ hospitalisations were included.
‡Respiratory disease was broadly defined to consider CPRD READ codes corresponding to all ICD-listed codes related to respiratory disease as well as READ codes corresponding to selected symptoms and diagnoses in the CPRD (see description of selection procedure in Methods): these included cough, breathing abnormalities, viral infections, sepsis and septicaemia.
§Antibiotics relevant to respiratory disease.
CPRD, clinical practice research datalink; GP, general practice; HES, hospital episode statistics; ICD10, international classification of diseases V.10; ONS, office of national statistics.