Secondary outcomes (continuous variables normally distributed)
| Intervention | Control | Estimated difference (95% CI) | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mini-AQLQ symptom domain score (continuous, 1=severely impaired; 7=not impaired at all) | |||||
| Baseline | Mean (SD) | 4.56 (1.10) | 4.30 (0.84) | ||
| Follow-up | Mean (SD) | 5.15 (1.20) | 4.38 (1.35) | ||
| Change | Mean (SD) | 0.59 (1.10) | 0.08 (1.05) | 0.56 (−0.08 to 1.22) | 0.084 |
| Mini-AQLQ activity limitation domain score (continuous, 1=severely impaired; 7=not impaired at all) | |||||
| Baseline | Mean (SD) | 5.30 (1.24) | 5.31 (1.33) | ||
| Follow-up | Mean (SD) | 5.98 (0.92) | 5.38 (1.33) | ||
| Change | Mean (SD) | 0.68 (1.01) | 0.07 (1.10) | 0.60 (0.05 to 1.15) | 0.034 |
| Mini-AQLQ emotional function domain score (continuous, 1=severely impaired; 7=not impaired at all) | |||||
| Baseline | Mean (SD) | 5.48 (1.09) | 4.80 (1.48) | ||
| Follow-up | Mean (SD) | 5.75 (1.01) | 4.84 (1.82) | ||
| Change | Mean (SD) | 0.27 (0.78) | 0.04 (1.30) | 0.35 (−0.33 to 1.03) | 0.301 |
| mini-AQLQ environmental domain score (continuous, 1=severely impaired; 7=not impaired at all) | |||||
| Baseline | Mean (SD) | 4.75 (1.39) | 4.11 (1.54) | ||
| Follow-up | Mean (SD) | 4.85 (1.30) | 4.23 (1.67) | ||
| Change | Mean (SD) | 0.10 (0.89) | 0.12 (0.90) | 0.08 (−0.46 to 0.62) | 0.768 |
| PAM (continuous, 0=no activation; 100=high activation) | |||||
| Baseline | Mean (SD) | 65.7 (10.0) | 66.2 (14.1) | ||
| Follow-up | Mean (SD) | 73.0 (13.9) | 65.7 (16.5) | ||
| Change | Mean (SD) | 7.3 (11.3) | −0.5 (12.5) | 7.72 (0.53 to 14.90) | 0.036 |
| MMAS (continuous, range 0–8, 0=low adherence; 8=high adherence) | |||||
| Baseline | Mean (SD) | 4.88 (1.97) | 5.59 (1.85) | ||
| Follow-up | Mean (SD) | 5.46 (1.80) | 5.82 (1.85) | ||
| Change | Mean (SD) | 0.58 (1.37) | 0.23 (1.03) | 0.19 (−0.50 to 0.88) | 0.586 |
| MMAS (MCID improvement at follow-up) | |||||
| Improvement ≥2.0 | n (%) | 6 (30) | 1 (4) | 0.034 | |
| FEV1 (L) (continuous) (n=22) | |||||
| Baseline | Mean (SD) | 2.62 (0.56) | 2.66 (0.69) | ||
| Follow-up | Mean (SD) | 2.72 (0.58) | 2.68 (0.49) | ||
| Change | Mean (SD) | 0.10 (0.18) | 0.02 (0.31) | 0.08 (−0.12 to 0.27) | 0.428 |
| FEV1% predicted (continuous) (n=22) | |||||
| Baseline | Mean (SD) | 87.4 (13.6) | 85.2 (17.1) | ||
| Follow-up | Mean (SD) | 90.6 (13.8) | 85.7 (11.8) | ||
| Change | Mean (SD) | 3.3 (6.3) | 0.6 (9.4) | 3.4 (−2.8 to 9.5) | 0.265 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) (continuous) (n=22) | |||||
| Baseline | Mean (SD) | 76.7 (7.0) | 77.6 (10.9) | ||
| Follow-up | Mean (SD) | 79.1 (6.7) | 80.2 (9.5) | ||
| Change | Mean (SD) | 2.4 (5.3) | 2.6 (4.5) | −0.4 (−3.9 to 3.1) | 0.829 |
Summaries of scores at baseline, follow-up and change from baseline, with estimated between-group difference from baseline-adjusted linear regression model with 95% CI and p value. Summaries of achievement of an improvement by more than the MCID at follow-up, with Fisher's exact test p values to compare groups. N=45 unless otherwise stated.
p Values in bold indicate significance <0.05.
ACQ, Asthma Control Questionnaire; AQLQ, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; MCID, minimum clinically important difference; MMAS, Morisky Medication Adherence Score; PAM, Patient Activation Measure.