Participants characteristics by the presence of CKD
| CKD group N=933 | Non-CKD group N=1249 | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 70.39 (9.58) | 63.76 (9.79) | <0.001 |
| Fluid intake (mL/day), mean (SD) | 2865.48 (1178.54) | 3049.16 (1215.68) | <0.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 27.24 (5.15) | 27.08 (5.03) | 0.475 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 97.43 (12.57) | 97.07 (12.68) | 0.510 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm HG) | 140.61 (23.58) | 135.40 (20.69) | <0.001 |
| eGFR | 50.68 (8.17) | 71.35(8.95) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SD) | 13.66 (1.34) | 14.11 (1.31) | <0.001 |
| Serum cholesterol (mg/dL) | 228.88 (45.87) | 221.60 (42.21) | <0.001 |
| Serum triglycerides (mg/dL) | 162.23 (102.42) | 156.23 (109.89) | 0.195 |
| Serum HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 52.14 (15.68) | 51.75 (16.04) | 0.578 |
| Serum apolipoprotein AI (mg/dL) | 149.31 (26.90) | 147.24 (26.28) | 0.072 |
| Plasma fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 334.22 (98.61) | 313.27 (93.47) | <0.001 |
| Serum C reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.53 (0.79) | 0.47 (0.70) | 0.087 |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 141.80 (2.77) | 141.73 (2.59) | 0.551 |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 4.09 (0.37) | 4.01 (0.33) | <0.001 |
| Serum total calcium (mmol/L) | 9.37 (0.46) | 9.34 (0.43) | 0.131 |
| Serum phosphorus (mmol/L) | 3.46 (0.49) | 3.42 (0.51) | 0.037 |
| Serum glucose (mg/dL) | 106.41 (43.21) | 104.56 (41.04) | 0.308 |
| Serum blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 19.40 (7.35) | 15.20 (4.58) | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.32 (0.51) | 1.01 (0.15) | <0.001 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.13 (0.32) | 4.19 (0.34) | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 374 (40.1) | 723 (57.9) | <0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic white, n (%) | 622 (66.7) | 725 (58.0) | <0.001 |
| Ever smoker, n (%) | 474 (50.8) | 768 (61.5) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 139 (11.1) | 117 (12.5) | 0.358 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 195 (20.9) | 176 (14.1) | 0.048 |
| Emphysema, n (%) | 39 (4.2) | 45 (3.6) | 0.543 |
| Arthritis, n (%) | 445 (35.6) | 416 (44.6) | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.