Outcomes of diabetes intervention studies*
| Study | HbA1c mmol/mol (%) | BG (mmol/L) | SBP (mmHg) | DBP (mmHg) | Lipids (mmol/L) | Anthropometrics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed trials in Europe | ||||||
| O'Hare et al10 | −23 (−0.0) (p=0.87) | −4.6 (p=0.035) | −3.4 (p=0.003) | TC: −0.38 (p=0.005) | ||
| Bellary et al11 | −22 (−0.2) (p=0.11) | −0.33 (p=0.76) | −1.91 (p<0.001) | TC: +0.03 (p=0.37) | BMI: +0.40 (p<0.001) WC: −0.2 (p=0.67) | |
| Mixed trials in India | ||||||
| Balagopal et al18 | FBG: −3.34 (p=0.03) | −3.2 (p=0.48) | −5.5 (p=0.134) | BMI: +0.2 (p=0.63) WC: −4.8 cm (p=0.04) | ||
| Balagopal et al19 | FBG: I −1.06 (p<0.001) | I −6.2 (p<0.001) | I −0.17 (p<0.001) | BMI: I −1.02 (p<0.001) WC: I −3.94 cm (p=0.001) | ||
| Exercise-based trials in India | ||||||
| Hameed et al24 | −17 (−0.6) (p<0.001) | −4.79 (p=0.07) | −1.91 (p=0.28) | TC: −0.07 (p=0.53) TG: −0.06 (p=0.56) HDL-C:+0.15 (p=0.004) LDL-C: −0.19 (p=0.10) | Weight −0.31 (p=0.36) WC (cm): −2.04 (p=0.008) | |
| Misra et al25 | I −18 (−0.5) (p<0.001) | FBG: I −2.7 (p<0.001) | I: TC: −0.39 (p=0.003) TG: −0.39 (p<0.001) HDL:+0.02 (p=0.33) LDL: −0.09 (p=0.21) | I: BMI: +0.1 (p=0.614) WC: −1.6 (p<0.001) | ||
| Shenoy et al30 | PRT: −3 (−1.8) (p=0.002) AE: −9 (−1.3) (p=0.002) C: −21 (−0.21) (p=NS) | PRT: −3.83 (p=0.021) AE: −1.44 (p=0.021) C: −1.66 (p=NS) | PRT: −9 (p=0.001) AE: −3 (p=NS) C: +2 (p=NS) | PRT: −8 (p=0.001) AE: −1 (p=NS) C: +1 (p=NS) | ||
| Shenoy et al32 | I: −15 (−0.8) (p=0.0001) C: −23 (−0.1) (p=0.242) Difference in post-test I and C scores p=0.0023 | FBG I: −4.24 (p=0.0001) C: −0.12 (p=0.0007) Difference in post-test I and C scores p=0.0001 | I: +1.5 (p=0.868) C: −3.3 (p=0.133) Difference in post-test I and C scores p=0.019 | I: −10.8 (p=0.010) C: −3.7 (p=0.0058) Difference in post-test I and C scores p=0.0001 | BMI: I: −1.1 (p=0.0001) C: +0.6 (p=0.0001) Difference in post-test I and C scores p=0.56 | |
| Yoga-based interventions in India | ||||||
| Vaishali et al21 | −15 (−0.8) (p<0.001) | FBG: −1.58 (p<0.001) | TC: −0.48 (p<0.001) TG: −0.25 (p<0.001) HDL:+0.13 (p<0.001) LDL: −0.18 (p<0.05) | |||
| Singh et al34 | −10 (−1.2) p=0.035 | FBG: −2.7 p<0.001 | −16 p=0.001 | −8.8 p=0.001 | ||
| Madanmohan et al35 | FBG: −1.1 p=0.004 | TC: −0.13 p=0.01 LDL −0.28 p=0.001 HDL −0.45 p=0.02 | ||||
| Shantakumari et al20 | TC: I −0.65 (p<0.01) C+0.25 (p=NS) TG: I −0.25 (p<0.05); C +0.28 (p=NS) LDL-C: I −0.63 (p<0.01); C +0.01 (p=NS) HDL-C: I+0.07 (p=NS); C −0.03 (p=NS) | Weight: I −2.6 (p<0.05) C+0.86 (p<0.05) BMI: I −1.53 (p=NS) C+0.3 (p=NS) | ||||
| Education-based interventions in Europe | ||||||
| Hawthorne and Tomlimson12 | I −20 (−0.3) (p=NS) | I: TC 0.04 | ||||
| Hawthorne13 | −20 (−0.4) (p=NS) | |||||
| Middelkoop et al17 | −19 (−0.4) (p=0.02) | |||||
| Education-based interventions in India | ||||||
| Shetty et al33 | NS difference in mean HbA1c <64 (8%) I:+16.7% C:+24.3% | FBG: I −1.1 | TC: I: −0.4 p<0.03 C: −0.3 p<0.03 | |||
| Adepu et al22 | Capillary BG: I: −3.12, (p<0.001) C: −0.14 (p=NS) | |||||
| Gosh et al23 | FBG: −0.83 (p<0.05) Postprandial G −1.94 (p<0.01) | |||||
| Malathy et al29 | Postprandial glucose: I −1.81 C −0.99 (p<0.001) | TC: I −0.53 (p<0.001) C −0.29 (p<0.05) LDL: I −0.52 (p<0.001) C −0.29 (p<0.01) HDL: I+0.04 (p<0.05) C+0.02 (p=NS) TG I −0.12 (p<0.001) C −0.08 (p=NS) | ||||
| Diet-based interventions India | ||||||
| Pande, 2012 | I −14 (−0.9) (p<0.001) | FBG: I −1.99 (p<0.001) | I TG −0.90 (p<0.001) TC −1.01 (p<0.001) HDL+0.18 (p=0.003) LDL −0.67 (p=0.009) | |||
*Note that 4 of the studies (Baradaran, Choudhury, Vyas and DeSouza) only included knowledge outcomes and thus were not included in this table (see (table 5)).
The numbers represent the difference in change in parameters between the intervention and control groups if not otherwise stated.
AE, aerobic exercise; BG, blood glucose; BMI, body mass index; C, control group; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; I, intervention group; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NS, not significant; PRT, progressive resistance training group; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; WC, waist circumference.