Models of associations of in utero lead and cadmium exposure with measures of balance in the child at 7 and 10 years of age in ALSPAC
| Prenatal lead exposure | Prenatal cadmium exposure | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | OR of balance dysfunction (95% CI) | p Value | n | OR of balance dysfunction (95% CI) | p Value | n | |||
| Heel-to-toe test | 7 | Unadjusted | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.07) | 0.503 | 2231 | Unadjusted | 0.81 (0.70 to 0.94) | 0.010 | 2233 |
| Adjusted* | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.01) | 0.555 | 1732 | Adjusted* | 0.95 (0.77 to 1.20) | 0.904 | 1734 | ||
| Dynamic balance | 10 | Unadjusted | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.08) | 0.790 | 2132 | Unadjusted | 1.00 (0.84 to 1.21) | 0.946 | 2134 |
| Adjusted† | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.09) | 0.692 | 1761 | Adjusted† | 1.20 (0.95 to 1.52) | 0.135 | 1763 | ||
| Static balance | 10 | Unadjusted | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.05) | 0.569 | 2095 | Unadjusted | 1.06 (0.88 to 1.28) | 0.523 | 2097 |
| Adjusted† | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.06) | 0.661 | 1734 | Adjusted† | 1.00 (0.79 to 1.26) | 0.995 | 1736 | ||
Logistic regression showing OR of balance dysfunction (95% CI).
*Adjusted for: sex, passive smoking at 77 months old (weekdays and weekends), and Ca and Fe intakes at 7 years.
†Adjusted for: sex, passive smoking at 103 months old (weekdays and weekends), and Ca and Fe intakes at 10 years.
ALSPAC, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.