Associations between self-reported Poor oral health and social and health variables (N=567)
| Poor oral health (n)* | Poor oral health (%)* | Test statistic | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General health, dichotomised | χ²Yates=21.56 | <0.001 | ||
| Fair or poor | 120 | 59.7 | ||
| Good to excellent | 138 | 38.9 | ||
| Mental health, dichotomised | χ²Yates=12.29 | <0.001 | ||
| Fair or poor | 100 | 57.8 | ||
| Good to excellent | 158 | 41.4 | ||
| Disabling chronic pain† | χ²Yates=18.66 | <0.001 | ||
| No pain (grades 0-II) | 97 | 36.7 | ||
| Pain (grades (III-IV) | 148 | 55.8 | ||
| PTSD symptoms (PCL-C)‡ | χ²Yates=16.55 | <0.001 | ||
| No or low symptoms (below threshold) | 70 | 34.4 | ||
| Probable PTSD | 181 | 52.6 | ||
| Depressive symptoms (CESD-R)§ | χ²Yates=8.92 | 0.003 | ||
| No depressive symptoms | 103 | 39.0 | ||
| Some depressive symptoms | 147 | 52.1 | ||
| Depression (self-reported) | χ²Yates=8.28 | 0.004 | ||
| No | 103 | 39.6 | ||
| Yes | 150 | 52.1 | ||
| Anxiety (self-reported) | χ²Yates=6.81 | 0.009 | ||
| No | 114 | 40.6 | ||
| Yes | 138 | 52.1 | ||
| HIV/AIDS (self-reported) | χ²Yates=6.48 | 0.011 | ||
| No | 220 | 44.3 | ||
| Yes | 31 | 64.6 | ||
| Hepatitis C (self-reported) | χ²Yates=9.80 | 0.002 | ||
| No | 180 | 42.5 | ||
| Yes | 72 | 59.0 | ||
| Shelter (accessed past 12 months) | χ²Yates=20.56 | <0.001 | ||
| No | 159 | 40.2 | ||
| Yes | 88 | 62.9 | ||
| Living situation¶ | χ²Yates=10.34 | 0.001 | ||
| Market housing | 132 | 40.0 | ||
| Non-market housing | 105 | 55.0 | ||
| Overall financial strain** | χ²Yates=37.09 | <0.001 | ||
| Not difficult | 41 | 25.3 | ||
| Difficult | 205 | 54.2 | ||
| Gender^ | χ²=2.91 | 0.088 | ||
| Male | 118 | 50.9 | ||
| Female | 139 | 43.2 | ||
| Age | ɼs= 0.026 | 0.548 | ||
| Aboriginal identity | χ²Yates=5.38 | 0.020 | ||
| Yes | 125 | 52.3 | ||
| No | 131 | 42.0 |
*Where reported frequencies add up to less than the total n for Poor oral health, and/or percentages do not add up to 100, this is due to missing data.
†Chronic pain grade, as scored on the Von Korff chronic pain scale,32 which classifies pain from grade 0 (pain free) to IV (high disability-severely limiting).
‡Scores from the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist, Civilian Version (PCL-C)33 ,34 were compared against a predetermined cut score of 35 to determine which people were experiencing high levels of trauma symptoms.
§Participants’ total Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R)29–31 scores were collapsed into categories of No depressive symptoms and Some depressive symptoms, based on an overall cut score of 16.
¶Market housing includes individuals living in a private apartment, condo or house. Non-market housing includes individuals who reported living in public, social or supportive housing, those couch-surfing, living in shelters, on the street, in a vehicle, in a single-room occupancy hotel and those who chose ‘other’ in lieu of the above options.
**Not difficult includes responses of Not at all difficult and Not very difficult. Responses of Very difficult and Somewhat difficult were collapsed into Difficult.
^Two participants identified as transgender; however, their cases were excluded from this specific test due to insufficient data.