Multivariable-adjusted ORs of elevated hsCRP (≥3.0 mg/L) according to cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing in patients with early stage OA
| Variable | No. of subjects | No. of cases | Age, sex, BMI-adjusted OR (95% CI) | p Value | Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking | <0.01* | 0.01* | ||||
| 0/day | 640 | 86 | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| 1–10/day | 133 | 26 | 1.55 (0.92 to 2.61) | 0.10 | 1.54 (0.91 to 2.61) | 0.11 |
| 11–20/day | 59 | 9 | 1.23 (0.57 to 2.68) | 0.60 | 1.27 (0.57 to 2.79) | 0.56 |
| >20/day | 104 | 27 | 2.29 (1.34 to 3.90) | <0.01 | 2.09 (1.20 to 3.64) | 0.01 |
| Alcohol consumption | 403 | 66 | 1.00 (0.67 to 1.48) | 0.99 | 1.10 (0.73 to 1.68) | 0.64 |
| Betel quid chewing | 40 | 3 | 0.42 (0.13 to 1.41) | 0.16 | 0.37 (0.11 to 1.23) | 0.11 |
The multi-variable model was adjusted for age (continuous data), BMI (≥25 kg/m2, <25 kg/m2), gender (male, female), educational level (high school or above, lower than high school), activity level (continuous data), diabetes (yes, no), hypertension (yes, no), high density lipoprotein (continuous data), low density lipoprotein (continuous data) and triglyceride (continuous data).
*p Value for trend.
BMI, body mass index; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; No., number; OA, osteoarthritis.