Descriptive statistics of hospital characteristics
| Mean (SD) | All hospitals | Non-minority-serving hospitals | Minority-serving hospitals |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minority-serving hospitals | 24% | ||
| (43%) | |||
| Owing to definition 1: in the top decile for proportion of all back patients in California | 17% | ||
| (38%) | |||
| Owing to definition 2: treat twice as many black patients than other hospitals in their geographic proximity | 7% | ||
| (25%) | |||
| Cardiac care capacity | |||
| Has catheterisation laboratory | 60% | 60% | 59% |
| (49%) | (49%) | (49%) | |
| Has cardiac care unit | 57% | 58% | 54% |
| (50%) | (49%) | (50%) | |
| Has CABG capacity | 48% | 49% | 48% |
| (50%) | (50%) | (50%) | |
| For-profit hospitals | 26% | 26% | 28% |
| (44%) | (44%) | (45%) | |
| Government hospitals | 14% | 12% | 22%** |
| (35%) | (32%) | (41%) | |
| Teaching hospitals | 9% | 9% | 9% |
| (29%) | (29%) | (29%) | |
| Member of a system | 68% | 69% | 64% |
| (47%) | (46%) | (48%) | |
| Mean total beds in hospital | 232.89 | 231.39 | 237.58 |
| (130.69) | (130.14) | (132.47) | |
| Mean occupancy rate | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.65 |
| (0.16) | (0.16) | (0.15) | |
| Mean HHI index† | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.20** |
| (0.18) | (0.16) | (0.22) | |
| Number of hospital years | 1563 | 1186 | 377 |
Non-minority-serving and minority-serving hospital differences statistically significant at *p<0.05, **p<0.01.
†The HHI index captures competitiveness of the hospitals’ market (defined as within 15-mile radius): the scale goes from 0 to 1 where 0 represents perfectly competitive market and 1 represents monopoly.30
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; HHI, Herfindahl-Hirschman Index.