Table 2

Prevalence of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and severe psychological distress at time 1 (2004) and time 2 (2010–2011) among the Timorese cohort (n=1022)

		Time 1		Time 2
		N	Per cent	N	Per cent	p Value*
PTSD
1	Intrusive thoughts	70	7	177	17	<0.0001
2	Flashbacks	32	3	70	7	<0.0001
3	Nightmares	63	6	65	6	0.855
4	Psychological/physiological reactions	37	4	98	10	<0.001
5	Cognitive avoidance	49	5	79	8	0.008
6	Behavioural avoidance	62	5	223	22	<0.0001
7	Detachment	83	6	147	14	<0.0001
8	Restricted affect	180	8	225	22	0.01
9	Anhedonia	43	18	219	21	<0.0001
10	Amnesia	142	4	145	14	0.849
11	Foreshortened future	32	14	79	8	<0.0001
12	Startle response	26	3	49	5	0.006
13	Concentration difficulties	74	4	99	10	0.05
14	Insomnia	69	7	130	13	<0.0001
15	Feeling on guard	23	8	65	6	<0.0001
16	Anger outbursts	22	2	69	7	<0.0001
Severe psychological distress
1	Fatigue	221	22	663	65	<0.0001
2	Feeling anxious	204	20	511	50	<0.0001
3	Agitation	103	10	264	26	<0.0001
4	Hopelessness	128	13	375	37	<0.0001
5	Restlessness	159	16	443	43	<0.0001
6	Difficulties sitting still	148	15	229	22	<0.0001
7	Depressed	146	14	283	28	<0.0001
8	Feeling everything is an effort	214	21	513	50	<0.0001
9	Sadness	149	15	403	39	<0.0001
10	Worthlessness	122	12	370	36	<0.0001

*p Value derived from McNemar's test.