Table 2

Logistic regression of factors associated with IGR or undiagnosed diabetes, or with undiagnosed diabetes

IGR or undiagnosed diabetesUndiagnosed diabetes
 OR95% CIp ValueOR95% CIp Value
Female1<0.0011<0.001
Male1.321.19 to 1.46<0.0011.961.55 to 2.49<0.001
16–241<0.001<0.001
25–341.470.87 to 2.490.1543.120.64 to 15.080.158
35–443.322.02 to 5.47<0.0017.431.70 to 32.520.008
45–547.854.85 to 12.70<0.00111.222.70 to 46.560.001
55–6414.268.91 to 22.84<0.00122.745.58 to 92.72<0.001
65–7418.6911.53 to 30.28<0.00125.516.27 to 103.71<0.001
75+29.4818.15 to 47.88<0.00133.588.18 to 137.87<0.001
White1<0.0011<0.001
Mixed1.110.61 to 2.020.7411.660.38 to 7.300.502
Asian3.913.02 to 5.05<0.0014.512.81 to 7.25<0.001
Black2.341.62 to 3.38<0.0010.880.35 to 2.210.780
Other2.041.07 to 3.880.0301.260.26 to 6.210.777
Degree or higher1<0.00110.004
A-level/NVQ3 to below degree1.201.02 to 1.410.0291.761.18 to 2.720.006
Other1.241.06 to 1.440.0061.530.98 to 2.380.060
No qualifications1.491.27 to 1.74<0.0011.691.11 to 2.570.015
Highest income quintile‡10.00210.160
Second highest0.980.82 to 1.160.8101.030.63 to 1.690.894
Middle1.110.94 to 1.320.2300.940.58 to 1.520.808
Second lowest1.211.01 to 1.450.0351.380.86 to 2.210.187
Lowest quintile1.351.12 to 1.620.0011.440.88 to 2.360.148
Missing1.160.96 to 1.390.1281.390.85 to 2.280.193
Ethnic-specific BMI categories*<0.001<0.001
 Not overweight11
 Overweight1.020.87 to 1.200.8341.180.73 to 1.910.502
 Obese I1.591.31 to 1.93<0.0012.561.58 to 4.14<0.001
 Obese II2.051.58 to 2.65<0.0014.582.64 to 7.92<0.001
 Morbidly obese3.542.52 to 4.96<0.0018.194.33 to 15.4<0.001
 Not measured1.351.10 to 1.660.0052.391.43 to 3.99<0.001
Ethnic-specific waist circumference categories†<0.0010.001
 Low waist110.00
 High waist1.411.19 to 1.67<0.0012.011.06 to 3.820.033
 Very high waist2.001.67 to 2.38<0.0014.412.35 to 8.27<0.001
 Not measured2.111.47 to 3.03<0.0014.451.94 to 10.23<0.001

  • *Black and Asian participants: overweight: BMI 23 to <27.5 kg/m2; obese I: BMI 27.5 to <32.5 kg/m2; obese II: BMI 32.5 to <37.5 kg/m2; morbidly obese: BMI ≥37.5 kg/m2; other participants: overweight: BMI 25 to <30 kg/m2; obese I: BMI 30 to <35 kg/m2; obese II: BMI 35 to <40 kg/m2; morbidly obese: BMI ≥40 kg/m2.

  • †Black and Asian men: low <90 cm, high 90–102 cm, very high >102 cm; all other men: low <94 cm; high 94–102 cm; very high >102 cm; women (regardless of ethnicity): low <80 cm, high 80–88 cm, very high >88 cm.

  • ‡Income was included for both models, although it was significantly associated only with IGR/undiagnosed diabetes.

  • Index of Multiple Deprivation was not included, as it did not improve the model significantly.

  • BMI, body mass index (kg/m2); IGR, impaired glucose regulation.